1. Router Startup and Setup & Router Configuration 1
Semester 2
Chapter 5/6
Paul Flynn

2. Table of Contents Boot Sequence and Setup Mode
System Configuration Dialog
Router Configuration Files
Router Configuration Modes
Configuration Methods
Challenge Labs

3. Router Boot Sequence and Setup Mode
Router Startup Routine
Router Startup Sequence
Related Commands
Table of Contents

4. Router Startup Routine
When a Cisco router powers up, it performs a power-on self test (POST).
Executes diagnostics from ROM on all hardware
Verifies the basic operation of the CPU, memory, and network interface ports
Proceeds with software initialization
A router initializes by loading the bootstrap, the IOS, and a configuration file.
If the router cannot find a configuration file, then it enters setup mode
NVRAM stores a backup copy of the new configuration from setup mode

5. Router Startup Routine
The goal of the startup routines for Cisco IOS software is to start the router operations. The router must deliver reliable performance in its job of connecting the user networks it was configured to serve. To do this, the startup routines must:
Make sure that the router comes up with all its hardware tested.
Find and load the Cisco IOS software that the router uses for its operating system.
Find and apply the configuration statements about the router, including protocol functions and interface addresses.

6. Router Startup Sequence
After the power-on self test on the router, the following events occur as the router initializes:
Step 1 - The generic bootstrap loader, in ROM, executes on the CPU card. A bootstrap is a simple, preset operation to load instructions that in turn cause other instructions to be loaded into memory, or cause entry into other configuration modes.
Step 2 - The operating system (Cisco IOS) can be found in one of several places. The location is disclosed in the boot field of the configuration register. If the boot field indicates a Flash, or network load, boot system commands in the configuration file indicate the exact location of the image.
Step 3 - The operating system image is loaded. Then, when it is loaded and operational, the operating system locates the hardware and software components and lists the results on the console terminal.

7. Router Startup Sequence
Step 4 -- The configuration file saved in NVRAM is loaded into main memory and executed one line at a time. These configuration commands start routing processes, supply addresses for interfaces, set media characteristics, and so on.
Step 5 -- If no valid configuration file exists in NVRAM, the operating system executes a question-driven initial configuration routine referred to as the system configuration dialog, also called the setup dialog.
Setup is not intended for entering complex protocol features in the router. It is used to bring up a minimal configuration.

8. Router Startup Sequence
Know the sequence!

9. Related Commands
show startup-config (show config on Cisco IOS 10.3 or earlier) – display the backup configuration file.
show running-config (write term on Cisco IOS 10.3 or earlier) – display the active configuration file.
erase startup-config (write erase on Cisco IOS 10.3 or earlier) – deletes the backup configuration file in NVRAM.
reload (reboot) command reloads the router, causing it to run through the entire startup process.
setup is used to enter setup mode from the privileged EXEC prompt

10. System Configuration Dialog
The setup Command
Setting up global and interface parameters
Setting up script review and use
Setup Lab Challenge
Table of Contents

11. The setup Command
The main purpose of the setup mode is to bring up, quickly, a minimal configuration for any router that cannot find its configuration from another source.
Default answers appear in square brackets [ ] following the question. Press the Return key to use these defaults.
During the setup process, you can press Control+C at any time to terminate the process and start over.
Once setup is terminated, all interfaces will be administratively shutdown.

12. The setup Command
When you completed, the screen will display the configuration that you have just created.
You will then be asked whether you want to use this configuration.
If you enter "yes", the configuration will be executed and saved to NVRAM.
If you answer "no", the configuration will not be saved and the process will begin again.
If a --More-- prompt appears, press the space bar to continue..

13. Setting Global Parameters
After viewing the current interface summary, a prompt will appear on your monitor, indicating that you are to enter the global parameters for your router.
Configuring global parameters appears on your monitor. It indicates that you are to enter the global parameters that you set for your router.
The first global parameter allows you to set the router host name.
This host name will be part of the Cisco IOS prompts for all configuration modes.
At initial configuration, the default router name is [Router].

14. Setting Global Parameters
The next global parameters allows you to set the various passwords used on the router.
You must enter an enable password.
When you enter a string of password characters for the prompt, "Enter enable secret"; the characters are processed by Cisco proprietary encryption.
This enhances the security of the password string.
Whenever anyone lists the contents of the router configuration file, this enable password appears as a meaningless string of characters.
Setup recommends, but does not require, that the "enable password" be different from the "enable secret word".

15. Setting Global Parameters
The "enable secret word" is a one-way cryptographic secret word that is used instead of the "enable password" when it exists. The "enable password" is used when no "enable secret word" exists. It is also used when using older versions of the IOS.
All passwords are case sensitive and can be alphanumeric.

16. Setting Global Parameters
When you are prompted for parameters for each installed interface, use the configuration values that you have selected for your router.
Whenever you answer yes to a prompt, additional questions may appear regarding the protocol.

17. Interface Parameters
When you are prompted for parameters for each installed interface, you need to use the configuration values you have determined for your interface to enter the interface parameters at the prompts
In order to fully understand setup mode complete the Lab
Lab Router setup command

18. Script Review and Use
When you complete the configuration process for all installed interfaces on your router, the setup command program will display the configurations that you have created.
The setup process will then ask if you want to use this configuration.
If you answer yes, the configuration will be executed and saved to NVRAM.
If you answer no, the configuration will not be saved, and the process will begin again.
There is no default for this prompt; you must answer either yes or no.
After you have answered yes to the last question, your system will be ready to use.
If you want to modify the configuration you have just established, you must do the configuration manually.

19. Script Review and Use
The script tells you to use the configuration mode to change any commands after setup has been used.
The script file generated by setup is additive; you can turn features on with setup, but you cannot turn them off.
Also, setup does not support many of the advanced features of the router, or features that require a more complex configuration.

20. Challenge Lab
Your Skills Assessment will be based on this Lab, make sure you have completed it…
Lab Router setup challenge

21. Summary
The router initializes by loading a bootstrap, the operating system, and a configuration file.
If the router cannot find a configuration file, the router enters setup mode.
The router stores a backup copy of the new configuration from setup mode in NVRAM.

22. Router Configuration Files
Table of Contents

23. Configuration File Info
Configuration files can come from the console, NVRAM, or a TFTP server.
A router uses information from the configuration file when it starts up:
Cisco IOS software version
Router identification
Boot file locations
Protocol information
Interface configurations
The configuration file contains commands to customize router operation.
If there is no configuration file available, the system configuration dialog setup guides you through the process of creating one

24. Release 11.x Config-Files
Router configuration can be done in several ways. You can use
the privileged EXEC configure command to configure from a virtual (remote) terminal,
a modem connection, or
a console terminal.
You can enter changes to an existing configuration at any time.
You can use the privileged EXEC configure command to load a configuration from a network TFTP server, which allows you to maintain and store configuration information at a central site.

25. Release 11.x Config-Files
Some configuration commands include:
configure terminal – configures manually from the console terminal
configure memory – loads configuration information from NVRAM
copy tftp running-config – loads configuration information from a network TFTP server into RAM
show running-config – displays the current configuration in RAM
copy running-config startup-config – stores the current configuration from RAM into NVRAM
copy running-config tftp – stores the current configuration from RAM on a network TFTP server
show startup-config – displays the saved configuration, which is the contents of NVRAM
erase startup-config – erases the contents of NVRAM

26. Lab To fully understand Router configuration, do the lab.
Lab Router config HyperTerminal

27. Pre-Release 11.0 config-files
The commands used with Cisco IOS, Release 10.3 and earlier, have been replaced with new commands.
The old commands that have been replaced continue to perform their normal functions in the current release, but are no longer documented
Support for these commands will cease in a future release

28. Early Commands Configuration commands for Release 10.3 and earlier:
config term – configures manually from the console terminal
config mem – loads configuration information from NVRAM
config net – loads configuration information from a network TFTP server into RAM
write term – displays the current configuration in RAM
write mem– stores the current configuration from RAM into NVRAM
write net – stores the current configuration from RAM on a network TFTP server
show config – displays the saved configuration, which is the contents of NVRAM
write erase – erases the contents of NVRAM

29. Copying to a TFTP Server
To store (backup) the current copy of the configuration file in RAM on a TFTP server use the copy running-config tftp command and complete the following tasks:
Step 1 – Enter the copy running-config tftp command.
Step 2 – Enter the IP address of the host that you want to use to store the configuration file.
Step 3 – Enter the name you want to assign to the configuration file.
Step 4 – Confirm your choices by answering yes each time.

30. Copying from a TFTP Server
To configure a router by loading the configuration file stored on one of your network TFTP servers, complete the following tasks:
Enter the command copy tftp running-config
At the prompt, select a host or network configuration file.
The network configuration file contains commands that apply to all routers and terminal servers on the network.
The host configuration file contains commands that apply to one router in particular.
At the next prompt, enter the IP address of the the TFTP server from which you are retrieving the configuration file.

31. Copying from a TFTP Server
Finally, enter the name of the configuration file or accept the default name.
The filename convention is UNIX-based.
The default filename is hostname -confg for the host file and network -confg for the network configuration file.
In the DOS environment, the server filenames are limited to eight characters plus a three-character extension (e.g., router.cfg).
Confirm the configuration filename and the server address that the system supplies.

32. Lab
Note: You must configure the default gateway IP address that the TFTP server is attached to on the Router or the lab will not work
Lab Router Configuration TFTP

33. NVRAM Commands
These commands manage the contents of NVRAM with Release 11.x:
configure memory – Loads configuration information from NVRAM.
erase startup-config – Erases the contents of NVRAM.
copy running-config startup-config – Stores the current configuration from RAM (the running configuration) into NVRAM (as the startup or backup configuration).
show startup-config – Displays the saved configuration, which is the contents of NVRAM.

34. NVRAM Commands
These commands manage the contents of NVRAM with Release 10.3 and earlier:
configure memory – Loads configuration information from NVRAM.
write erase – Erases the contents of NVRAM.
write memory – Stores the current configuration from RAM (the running configuration) into NVRAM (as the startup or backup configuration).
show configuration – Displays the saved configuration, which is the contents of NVRAM.

35. Router Configuration Modes
Table of Contents

36. Using Configuration Modes
The EXEC mode interprets the commands you type and carries out the corresponding operations.
You must log into the router before you can enter an EXEC command.
There are two EXEC modes (user mode and privileged mode).
The EXEC commands available in user mode are a subset of the EXEC commands available in privileged mode.
From privileged mode, you can also access global configuration mode and specific configuration modes

37. Using Configuration Modes
Some specific configuration modes are:
Interface
Subinterface
Controller
Map-list
Map-class
Line
Router
IPX-router
Route-map
If you type exit, the router will back out one level, eventually allowing you to log out. In general, typing exit from one of the specific configuration modes will return you to global configuration mode.
Pressing Ctrl-Z leaves configuration mode completely and returns the router to privileged EXEC mode.

38. Overview of Router Modes

39. Lab Complete the following lab :
Lab Basic router configuration
You can also use the “Seven steps to Router Configuration Heaven” handout:

40. Global Configuration Modes
Global configuration commands apply to features that affect the system as a whole.
Use the privileged EXEC command configure to enter global configuration mode. When you enter this command, the EXEC prompts you for the source of the configuration commands.
Specify terminal, NVRAM, or a file stored on a network server as the source. The default is to type in commands from the terminal console. Pressing the return key begins this configuration method.
Commands to enable a particular routing or interface function begin with global configuration commands:
To configure a routing protocol (indicated by the prompt config-router) you first enter a global router protocol command type.
To configure an interface (indicated by the prompt config-if) you first enter the global interface type and number command. After entering commands in any of these modes, you finish with the command exit.

41. Configuring Routing Protocol
After a routing protocol is enabled by a global command, the router configuration mode prompt Router (config-router)# is displayed.
Type a question mark (?) to list the routing protocol configuration sub-commands

42. Interface Config Commands
Because all router interfaces are automatically in the administratively down mode, many features are enabled on a per-interface basis.
Interface configuration commands modify the operation of an Ethernet, a Token Ring, or a serial port.
In addition, interface subcommands always follow an interface command because the interface command defines the interface type

43. Configuring a Specific Int
On serial links, one side must provide a clocking signal, a DCE; the other side is a DTE.
By default, Cisco routers are DTE devices, but in some cases they can be used as DCE devices.
If you are using an interface to provide clocking, you must specify a rate with the clockrate command.
The bandwidth command overrides the default bandwidth that is displayed in the show interfaces command and is used by some routing protocols such as IGRP.
On the Cisco 4000 series routers, there are two connections on the outside of the box for Ethernet interfaces-an attachment unit interface (AUI) connector and a 10BASE-T connector. The default is AUI, so you must specify media-type 10BASE-T if you want to use the other connection

44. Lab You will get a better handle on all this after completing the Lab
Lab Router interface config

45. Configuration Methods
Table of Contents

46. Release 11.x Config Method
The Figure shows a way you can:
Enter configuration statements
Examine the changes you have made
If necessary, modify or remove configuration statements
Save the changes to a backup in NVRAM that the router will use when it starts up

47. Pre-11.0 Release Config

48. Password Config Methods
You can secure your system by using passwords to restrict access.
Passwords can be established both on individual lines and in the privileged EXEC mode.
line console 0 – establishes a password on the console terminal
line vty 0 4 – establishes password protection on incoming Telnet sessions
enable password – restricts access to privileged EXEC mode
enable secret password (from the system configuration dialog to set up global parameters – uses a Cisco proprietary encryption process to alter the password character string
You can further protect passwords from being displayed by using the service password-encryption command. This encryption algorithm does not match the Data Encryption Standard (DES).

49. Router Identification Config
The configuration of network devices determines the network's behavior. To manage device configurations, you need to list and compare configuration files on running devices, store configuration files on network servers for shared access, and perform software installations and upgrades.
One of your first basic tasks is to name your router. The name of the router is considered to be the host name and is the name displayed by the system prompt. If you do not configure a name, the system default router name will be Router. You can name the router in global configuration mode.
You can configure a message-of-the-day banner to be displayed on all connected terminals. This banner will be displayed at login and is useful for conveying messages that affect all router users (e.g. impending system shutdowns). To configure this message, use the banner motd command in the global configuration mode.

50. Challenge Labs
Table of Contents

51. Configuration Labs To master router configuration, do the labs.
Lab Router configuration challenge
Lab Cisco configmaker
Lab Router config. web browser
Active mental participation in answering lab questions is crucial to do well on the test.
You will also retain the knowledge longer if you think about what you are doing and why!