1. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding1 Run II Status and Prospects Jeff Spalding Fermilab June 14, 2004

2. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding2 Contents  Introduction  Major elements of the Run II “campaign”  Present performance  Status of the upgrade projects  Luminosity projection  Summary

3. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding3 Run II goal: maximize integrated luminosity delivered to CDF & D0 …

4. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding4 … with a program of upgrades throughout the complex Recycler Ring

5. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding5 Basis for the Plan: What drives the luminosity  Peak Luminosity  Luminosity lifetime (tunes, beam-beam interactions)  Reliable Operation  p,  pbar, form factor F,  * provide some gains But major improvements from bunch intensities  especially total number of pbars BN pbar, (B=36 bunches for Run II)  proton brightness (N p /  p ) is constrained by beam-beam tune shift

6. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding6 Major Elements of the Run II Campaign

7. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding7 Operational improvements and upgrade projects Near Term (and ongoing)  Improved reliability and operating efficiency  Failure modes, abort system improvements…  Tevatron alignment  Improved instrumentation throughout the complex  Optimization of transfers, improved optics and helices in Tevatron Upgrade Projects  Increase pbar production  Slip stacking  Pbar acceptance upgrade  Stacking rate and stack size (stacktail, Recycler, e-cooling)  Upgrade Tevatron for higher bunch intensities  Helix  TEL: active beam-beam compensation

8. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding8 Reliability  The number of store hours per week is up 27% from FY03 - the TEV is a more reliable machine.  Typical store length 15 hrs last year  >24 hrs now  Due to:  Alignment of the TEV Dipole un-rolls, Low Beta alignment, Smart bolt retrofit  Reliability strategy Aggressively pursue equipment failures –Individual components and Systems (e.g. TEV abort system)  Operations strategy With improved reliability  run long stores –More time to ensure large stack size –Minimize the effects of store turnaround time –Minimize impact of parasitic studies Short focused dedicated studies –Configuration control

9. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding9 Dynamic plan – adjust the strategy when new information from operations and project R&D Major Elements  Increase number of protons on the pbar production target  Slip stacking (5E12  >8E12 protons on pbar target)  Upgrade the target itself to handle higher intensity  Increase antiproton collection  Increase the gradient of the antiproton collection lens  Increase the aperture of the antiproton collection transfer line (AP2) and the Debuncher ring.  Increase the antiproton stacking and storing capabilities  Increase the flux capability of the Accumulator stacktail stochastic cooling system.  Use the Recycler as a second antiproton storage ring, with both stochastic and electron cooling  Upgrade Tevatron to handle higher intensity bunches.  Improvements to helix separation and smoothness  Active compensation for beam-beam tune shift using the TEL Upgrade Projects

10. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding10 Status of Operations Run I

11. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding11 Status: Integrated Luminosity Up 55% with 14% fewer scheduled running weeks Average integrated luminosity per week is up 80% Compare the last 12 months to the year before

12. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding12 Status: Peak Luminosity Current best = 7.6E31 cm -2 s -1 *

13. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding13 Summary of Current Operations  Booster running at record intensities  Major improvements in transfer efficiencies and emittances, TEV tunes, optics and helix  Improved reliability and operations allows longer stores  larger stacks  higher luminosity  However, stacking rate is ~75% of current goal – present focus of investigation and improvement for the stacktail and core cooling systems  Near term: introduce mixed-source operation (pbars loaded from both Accumulator and Recycler) – first [pilot] store 6/9/04 successful (6.7E31)  And slip-stacking by end of 04 ( already tested at 75% of design intensity) – awaits completion of RF upgrade

14. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding14 Status of the Upgrade Projects

15. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding15 Main Injector  Slip Stacking (goal x1.8ppp on pbar tgt)  Excellent progress  Tested @ 6 x 10 12 and 1.5 nsec bunch length on pbar target  Reliable operation >8 x 10 12 requires RF upgrade (beam-loading compensation)  On track for end of this year.

16. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding16 Pbar Source Pbar Acceptance (goal: x2)  Lithium Lens (goal x 1.1)  Prototype of new design (higher field gradient) bench test successful  AP2 and Debuncher aperture increase (goal x1.8)  Developed procedures for beam-based identification of limiting apertures, identified components to modify Stacktail cooling upgrade  Cooling system upgrade (extends the bandwith 2-4  2-6 GHz)  Requires the large stack to be in Recycler (with e-cool), and “rapid transfers”  Not [easily] reversible  emphasize a phased approach  Interim upgrade (05) [NEW] Reconfigure existing cooling tanks -quick and reversible Simulated performance ~30E10 per hr  Full upgrade, with new cooling tanks (06) Simulated performance ~40E10 per hr

17. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding17 Recycler  The Recycler has made excellent progress over the past year  Transverse emittance growth is no longer an issue (vacuum problems solved)  Met the performance specs needed for commissioning electron cooling  Ready to be integrated into operations (with stochastic cooling)  Provides possibility for interim operating phase [NEW]  Extract pbars from both Accumulator and Recycler: “mixed-source”  e.g. 24 bunches from the Accumulator + 12 bunches from the Recycler  A few (2-4) interim transfers from Accumulator to Recycler  Improves average stacking rate in the Accumulator  Reasons  Push Recycler commissioning progress by plunging it into operations  Potential luminosity enhancement – more pbars for smaller emittances Break-even right now, potential for up to 20% gain in the next year  Flexibility in the Run II Upgrade schedule Merge more naturally into commissioning electron cooling

18. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding18 Electron Cooling  R&D program on e-beam is complete, now moving the setup to the Recycler  R&D scheduled stretched by ~2 months  NOT BAD!  Operational test of the full system successful  All major components, diagnostics and controls developed and tested  Beam properties achieved close to spec (analysis ongoing)  Will add additional Pelletron section at Recycler  reliable operation at 4.3 MeV  Commission e-beam and then pbar cooling in Recycler, parasitic to HEP, then intro e-cooled stacks to HEP (05)  Still R&D (until pbar cooling demonstrated next year), but excellent progress

19. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding19 Tevatron Major improvements so far  Lifetime at 150 GeV  Larger aperture, alignment and dipole un-rolls  Emittance dilution reduced  De-coupling at TEV injection, optimization of injection optics  Helix improvements  CDF IP  Centered beam in low beta quads (4mm move at CDF), and re- aligned the quadrupoles  New Low Beta Optics  20% increase in luminosity Upgrades  Further alignment improvements in shutdown 04 (and 05)  Add separators and polarity switches in shutdown 04 and 05  improved helices

20. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding20 Luminosity Projections

21. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding21 Luminosity Projection  Luminosity model incorporates  Performance parameters from simulation, parametric model and data  Long term operating experience Sustained average store length was 15 hrs (now >24) Sustained average 85 store hrs/week (operating weeks often >>100)  Scheduled shutdowns + turn on & recovery + learning slopes  Expect to do better on some parameters, worse on others  What’s new  The following plots are from Feb04 DOE review Illustrate strategy Updated projection will be similar in scale  We are in the process of updating the projections for: e-cooling and stacktail schedules and strategy Improved reliability (longer stores and stacking) Mixed-source op - assume break even (conservative)

22. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding22 Design and Base Projections (Feb04 DOE Review) Integrated Luminosity Design Projection - No schedule contingency, maintains eng. design margin per subproject Base Projection - Assumes schedule slip for all subprojects and that all subprojects under perform

23. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding23 Design and Base Projections (Feb04 DOE Review) We are here Integrated Luminosity per Week

24. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding24 Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review) Our plan is to deliver the Design Projection but develop strategy for fallback scenarios:  Base Projection models schedule slip and under-performance for all upgrades  Can also ask: where would we be  without Recycler & e-cooling?  with e-cooling, but without stacktail upgrade?

25. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding25 Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review)  Design Projection  Electron Cooling  Stacktail Upgrade  Parameters in FY09 Debuncher & AP2 at 32  -mm-mrad Slip Stacking at 8x10 12 ppp Av. Stk Rate = 39x10 10 /hr Stk in Accum = 20x10 10 Stk in Rec’r = 570x10 10  Base Projection  As above with sched & param slip  Parameters in FY09 Debuncher & AP2 at 25  Slip Stacking at 7x10 12 ppp Av. Stk Rate = 24x10 10 /hr Stk in Accum = 24x10 10 Stk in Rec’r = 360x10 10  Black Projection  NO Electron Cooling  NO Stacktail Upgrade  Parameters in FY09 Debuncher & AP2 at 21  Slip Stacking at 7x10 12 Av. Stk Rate = 14x10 10 /hr Stk in Accum = 205x10 10 Stk in Rec’r = 0x10 10  Purple Projection  Electron Cooling  NO Stacktail Upgrade  Parameters in FY09 Debuncher & AP2 at 20  Slip Stacking at 8x10 12 Av. Stk Rate = 23x10 10 /hr Stk in Acum = 58x10 10 Stk in Rec’r = 337x10 10

26. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding26 Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review) with e-cooling, but w/o stacktail upgd without e-cooling & stacktail upgd Branch points from Design Projection Design Black Purple Assumes average store length 15 hrs

27. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding27 Strategy Changes Design Black Purple mixed-source operation longer stores e-cooling and interim stacktail upgrade will be delayed to fall 2005, full upgrade in 06 interim Stacktail upgrade WARNING: curves not yet updated changes in green to be implemented

28. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding28 Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review) Design Base Black Purple

29. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding29 Summary  Current performance is above the design projection  80% higher weekly luminosity than a year ago  Major achievements in the last year (Tevatron perf, Recycler…)  There is a complex-wide plan for the Run II campaign  Plan is dynamic: schedule/scope adjustments, mixed-source, capitalize on improved reliability  The upgrade projects are making good technical progress  The plan and progress are formally reviewed by DOE  With the updated plan, expect the design projection to be close to the previous 8.5 fb -1 2009, with fall-back scenarios >4.5 fb -1