1. Lab 3 Unit 5b: Global Water Resources Sara Tourscher

2. Results from Lab 1 Tuesday Lab Tuesday Lab –Average= 12.44 Thursday Lab Thursday Lab –Average= 12.55 Thoughts to keep in mind for future labs Thoughts to keep in mind for future labs –Check to make sure your really submitted the lab (c- tools will say “submitted”) –Please include at least your name and the lab assignment number (Lab 3) in your work –Proof-read (check out the resources I posted recently on c-tools)

3. Goals of Lab 3 Focus on quantitative vs. qualitative Focus on quantitative vs. qualitative –quantitative- classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed –qualitative analysis is a complete, detailed description Data normalization Data normalization Queries Queries Pie charts Pie charts Overlays Overlays

4. What is expected for Lab 3 Questions 1-8 are each 1 point Questions 1-8 are each 1 point Question 9- 2 points Question 9- 2 points –Asks you to find a picture from your country that illustrates some aspect of what you wrote in question 8. Create 1 power point slide that includes 1) the layout you created in the lab 2) the picture from your country and 3) a few words describing what is on the slide You will each present this slide to the class in our next lab session You will each present this slide to the class in our next lab session Submit lab and power point slide on c-tools Submit lab and power point slide on c-tools

5. Hydrologic Poverty Worsening: Larsen, 2001 1.1 billion people were not able to meet their needs for safe water in 2000 1.1 billion people were not able to meet their needs for safe water in 2000 Agriculture and industry increase scarcity Agriculture and industry increase scarcity Seasons of precipitation limited Seasons of precipitation limited Natural recharge rates aren’t fast enough to replenish aquifers Natural recharge rates aren’t fast enough to replenish aquifers Poor quality (pollutants and salt) Poor quality (pollutants and salt) Many are not connected to water sources- leading them to pay many times more for water Many are not connected to water sources- leading them to pay many times more for water Competition between rural and urban areas Competition between rural and urban areas

6. State of the World 2004 Boosting Water Productivity Sandra Postel and Amy Vickers

7. World Water Use Agriculture (70%) Industry (22%) Towns and Municipalities (8%) Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2001

8. 1. A New Mindset for Managing Water Freshwater is a life support system for ecosystems Must allocate sufficient water throughout the year to protect valuable ecosystem functions Can use remaining water to satisfy human demands efficiently, equitably, and productively

9. 2. Water-Rich, Water-Poor Water-poor areas have higher demands because crop production requires more irrigation in drier climates Uneven distribution of water on a global scale - 6 countries (Brazil, Russia, Canada, Indonesia, China, and Colombia) account for half of Earth’s freshwater supply

10. Estimated Annual Water Withdrawals Per Capita, Selected Countries (2000) Cubic Meters Per Person Per Year Ethiopia Brazil Russian Federation India Egypt United States 42 348 527 640 1011 1932 Source: FAO, USGS

11. Affluence and Poverty Influence of power, politics, and money can override natural abundance or scarcity of water Phoenix, Arizona: Desert climate, but imports water from Colorado River Ethiopia: 84% of the Nile’s flow originates within its territory, but faces famine due to drought

12. 3. Water, Crops, and Diets Must raise productivity of agricultural water use to meet growing food needs as water stress deepens and spreads Three Challenges: Delivering and applying water to crops more efficiently Increasing yields per liter of water consumed Shifting diets to satisfy nutritional needs with less water

13. Dietary Choices Liters of Water potatoesbeanswheatricepoultrybeef Water consumed to supply 10g of protein Water consumed to supply 500 calories 67 89 132 421 135 219 204 251 303 1515 1000 4902 251 204 rice 4902 1000 beef Based on California crop yields and water productivity. Source: Renault and Wallender (2000)

14. 4. Cities and Homes Waste is a major urban water management problem In many cities, water losses are 15% - 40%, some higher Unaccounted-for Water (UFW): volume of water withdrawn from nature but that never reaches an end-user, due to - Leaky pipes and mains - Theft - Meter inaccuracies

15. Household Water Use, Selected Cities and Countries Liters Per Capita Per Day 47 149 218 255 281 832 Source: Thompson et al. (2001), National Water Demand Management Centre, Environment Agency, U.K. (2003), Gombos (2003), Water Services Association of Australia (2001), Mayer et al. (1999)

16. 5. Industrial Water Use and Material Goods Consumption Major water-using industries: Thermal electric power Iron and steel Pulp and paper Chemicals Petroleum Machinery manufacture Water is used for cooling, washing, processing, heating In developing countries, pollutant loads rising along with industrial water demand

17. 6. Policy Priorities: Government Action 1.Protect public trust in water 2.Institute or strengthen groundwater regulations to promote sustainable use 3.Implement tiered water pricing to encourage conservation: unit price of water increases along with consumption

18. Policy Priorities: Government Action 4.Restrict water use during seasonal lows 5.Encourage water trading between willing sellers and buyers to reallocate available supply