1. Hints and Tips on Creating the Perfect Poster Rosie Perkins, PhD

2. What is a poster? A large document to communicate your research at a scientific meeting Advertisement for your research Not a paper, not a talk

3. Where will it be viewed?

4. Self-explanatory graphics Use 2-3 colours for emphasis Attract people’s interest

5. Bullet points rather than blocks of text A clear title Attract people’s interest Poster text is hard to read if you write in the same way as you would do in a manuscript. Use as few words as possible and remember that you would like the reader to ask questions. You want the reader to quickly grasp the message, so make sure that this is stated in the title. Clear graphics are much more important than lots of text.

6. Attention to audience Well-thought out structure Clear, concise and consistent message Two types of reader –browser - brief look from a distance –ingestor - reads every word

7. Appeal to the browsers Visually appealing Clear graphics Text easy to read, font size, contrast Well-crafted title

8. Appeal to the ingestors Attention to detail Scientific accuracy Logical structure Solid conclusions

9. How to begin Allow more time than you first think Summarize your key message in one or two sentences How big is the poster? Decide what figures and tables to use Plan a rough version of the whole poster

10. Design hints Choose a poster template (eg PowerPoint) and adapt it to your needs Provide cues to the reader to follow flow White space makes it easier to read Dark text on a pale background easiest to read for posters

11. Fonts to use Use two fonts –sans serif font and colour for headings –serif font for body text Font sizes –72 pt title –36 pt name and address –18 pt body text –16 pt figure legends

12. Don’t forget the message Short title Introduction to your burning question Overview of your experimental approach Key results Insightful discussion

13. A title should summarize the key message No longer than 2 lines Not too technical Avoid abbreviations Encourages your audience to read the poster San serif font, 72 pt, bold, not all caps

14. Limit your introduction to three bullet points 1.Background 2.Gaps in the knowledge 3.Aim of your study Introduction

15. Keep methods short Be brief, and use diagrams Remember, you want people to ask you questions Could use paragraph text, not bullets, to save space Include methods in figure legends

16. A diagram can help explain a complicated protocol Variable rate of 20% glucose infusion Insulin 1 mU/kg/min Tracers 030150 270 390510 Adiels et al. Diabetologia 2007

17. Present your results in the most attractive way Use mostly figures Not too complex and use colours Brief text to guide the reader through the figures Use informative subheadings Separate figures with lots of white space

18. Keep text horizontal It is hard to read vertical text Or text at other strange angles

19. Figure axes Height of sunflowers (cm) Time (days) 10 8 6 4 2 0 02468 Line width 1.5 pt Limit no. of tickmarks Label axes and include units Horizontal y-axis label Min. font size 18 pt

20. Height of sunflowers (cm) Time (days) 10 8 6 4 2 0 02468 Water No water Line width 1.5 pt Different symbols and colours Clear key Axes don’t extend beyond range of data Figure details

21. 10 8 6 4 2 0 Maximum height (cm) WaterNo water Line width 1.5 pt Consistent colour scheme * *P < 0.05 Explain symbol Horizontal y-axis label Label bars Figure details

22. CharacteristicControlPatients No. of subjects98101 Age (years)54.1±10.763.9±15.0 Body weight (kg)72.8±7.885.6±10.4 Height (m)1.60±0.081.83±0.12* Table 1. Characteristics of the control and patient groups 1st *p<0.01 versus control

23. Conclusions are important Position them in a prominent place Logical position, not in the middle of results What have you concluded from your results? Refer back to the aim of your study Ensure they state the key message

24. References Not necessary Don’t include more than two or three Choose a consistent reference style Use smaller font size References 1.Nishimua S et al. Nat Med 2009; 15:914-920. 2.Bochukova EG et al. Nature 2010; 463: 666-670.

25. Further information Acknowledge source of funding e-mail address URL to download a copy of your poster

26. Summary Focus on one clear message (in title and conclusions) Use graphics to tell the story Minimum use of text Clear, concise and consistent Sensible order that the reader can follow Ask other people to comment BUT only after you have revised it

27. Useful reading www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/cpurrin1/ posteradvice.htm