1. 1 Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan: IMPAIRED DRIVING Dan Galanis Injury Prevention and Control Program Hawaii Department of Health 1250 Punchbowl St., Room 214 Honolulu, HI 96813 Ph: 586-5943 E-mail: daniel.galanis@doh.hawaii.gov

2. 2 Overview of presentation Fatal traffic crashes (FARS data) –Definitions –Overall prevalence Trends, county comparisons –Other factors Time, day of week, driver age Driver profiles Non-fatal traffic crashes (MVAR/DOT crash data) –Definitions –Overall prevalence Trends, county comparisons –Other factors Driver profiles

3. 3 Fatal crashes Fatal crash/FARS data –Traffic only, i.e. crashes on public roads Excludes crashes in parking lots, driveways, military facilities, gated sub-divisions, etc. –Unintentional in nature Excludes suicides (1 crash), deaths of undetermined intent (7 crashes, 1% of total) –Excludes 37 crashes (6%) that did not involve a Hawaii resident fatality Alcohol-related –BAC > 0.01% for any driver involved in the fatal crash, or refused test Most (82%) alcohol-related crashes had at least one driver 0.08% or more –Alcohol related ~~ intoxicated Drug-related –Positive results for any driver involved in the fatal crash Positive for narcotic, depressant, stimulant, THC, or hallucinogen –THC (13%) –Stimulants (10%) »methamphetamine (7%), amphetamine (5%)

4. 4 Fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Proportion related to substance use by drivers

5. 5 Fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Trends in the proportion of alcohol-related driving

6. 6 Fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Trends in the proportion of drug-related driving

7. 7 Fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Trends in the proportion of alcohol and/or drug-related driving

8. 8 Fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Alcohol-related crashes by time of day and day of week

9. 9 Fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Alcohol and drug use among drivers, by age group

10. 10 Impaired driving in Hawaii, 2001-2005 Total impact –46 residents killed by alcohol-positive drivers each year –26 residents killed by drug-positive drivers each year –60 residents killed by alcohol/drug-positive drivers each year Crashes involving alcohol/drug-positive drivers are the 4 th leading cause of death for 16 to 40 year-old residents –11% of the total of 1,719 –Cancer is 1 st (14%), suicide 2 nd (13%), heart disease 3 rd (12%) Crashes involving alcohol/drug-positive drivers are the 4 th leading cause of fatal injuries for all ages –10% of the total of 2,915

11. 11 Characteristics of drivers involved in fatal crashes in Hawaii, by category of substance use, 2001-2005 *statistically significant difference between alcohol/drug positive drivers and substance negative drivers

12. 12 Non-fatal crashes Motor vehicle accident report (MVAR) –Criteria Any crash resulting in injury, or >$3000 cumulative property damage –Traffic only, i.e. crashes on public roads Excludes crashes in parking lots, driveways, military facilities, gated sub- divisions, etc. –Includes residents and non-residents, intentional and unintentional Alcohol-related –Search of “Citation” field for “DUI”, “291-4”, “291-E”, “286-242”, etc. –Value for “alcohol” in “Human factors” field Drug-related –Search of “Citation” field for “drugs”, “291-7”, “2917” –Value for “drugs” in “Human factors” field

13. 13 Non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Proportion related to substance use by drivers, by county

14. 14 Non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Trends in the proportion of alcohol-related driving *denotes statistically significant trend over 5-year period

15. 15 Non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Rates of alcohol use among drivers, by age group (Note difference in scale: /100,000 licensees for fatal crashes, /10,000 licensees for non-fatals)

16. 16 Characteristics of drivers involved in non-fatal crashes in Hawaii, by category of alcohol use, 2001-2005 *statistically significant difference between alcohol/drug positive drivers and substance negative drivers Alcohol-noted Not noted Age average33.2 years*38.5 years ages 20 to 39 years59%*45% Gender (% male)81%*64% Restraint use (% without seat belts)14%*5% No helmet (motorcycle/moped)69%*49% Injured/possibly injured46%*31% Weekend crash (Saturday-Sunday)43%*26% Nighttime crash (8 pm - 4 am)79%*22%

17. 17 How much? *36% fatal crashes alcohol-related, 46% impaired *6%-7% of non-fatal crashes alcohol-related/impaired Who? *Younger drivers (18-24 years) *Male drivers more likely to use alcohol/be impaired Where? *Generally more prevalent in Neighbor Island crashes *Increasing trends for Hawaii and Maui counties When? *Nighttime crashes (8pm-5am): 52% *Weekend crashes (Sat/Sun): 46% Data summary for impaired driving