1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Physical Biometrics Matthew Webb ECE 8741

2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Introduction Identity authentication is used in all aspects of present day life –ATM, car, house, work, computer Biometrics are a convenient and secure way of producing valid ID Can never forget it or lose it

3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Biometrics What is biometrics? –The study of automated identification by use of physical or behavioral traits –Growing field due to applicability to many aspects of everyday life –Very popular since the events of 9-11

4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Physical vs Behavioral Physical –Fingerprint –Iris –Ear –Face –Retina –Hands Behavioral –Signature –Walking gait –Typing patterns Both –Voice

5. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Essential Properties of a Biometric Universal –Everyone should have the characteristic Uniqueness –No two persons have the same characteristic Permanence –Characteristic should be unchangeable Collectability –Characteristic must be measurable

6. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Biometric System Process Flow

7. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Pattern Recognition Description and classification of measurements taken from physical or mental processes Examination of pattern characteristics Formulation of the recognition system Important part of any biometric system

8. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Key Measures of a Biometric System False Acceptance Rate (FAR) –Rate of imposters being accepted as genuine user False Rejection Rate (FRR) –Rate of genuine users being rejected Equal Error Rate (EER) –Point at which the FAR and the FRR are equal

9. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fingerprint Oldest known method of biometrics Skin has ridges that are non-continuous and form a pattern Used in criminal databases Used for security on laptops

10. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fingerprint Recognition Two main types –Minutia matching Galton features –dots, islands, ponds, spurs, bridges, crossovers, and bifurcations –Pattern matching Henry system –left loop, right loop, arch, whorl, and tented arch

11. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fingerprint

12. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hand Geometry and Palmprints Palmprints are an extension of fingerprint Hand shape new technique of identification Uses features such as finger position, shape, length, width, and curvature Used in multimodal systems right now

13. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hand Shape Features

14. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Face Most widely used and distinctive way humans recognize each other Quite popular research subject Used in casinos, large sporting events, and galas Takes many images over time as opposed to a single capture

15. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Types of Facial Recognition Systems Feature based –Finds certain points such as tip of nose, eyes, and ends of mouth –Creates a geometric map of the face Global –Uses the entire face image Eigenface technique and neural networks

16. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Facial Recognition

17. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ears One of the better biometrics Does not change with age, facial expression Does not wear out Normally found in the same basic spot for all Immature technique Used in bimodal systems with facial profile

18. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ears

19. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iris Perhaps the most reliable of all biometrics Completely random Also an immature technology Characteristics include rings, furrows, freckles, striations, crypts, and the iris corona

20. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iris Recognition Techniques Phase-based method Zero-crossings representation Texture analysis Local intensity variation

21. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sample Iris Images

22. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Conclusion Biometrics are going to be used for many things in the near future Introduced under the assumption that its for convenience In reality there for security Accomplishes both very well