1. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC LCLS RF Gun Thermal Analysis John Schmerge, SLAC November 3, 2004 LCLS Gun Description Prototype gun LCLS gun modifications Gun design parameters 120 Hz Thermal Analysis Average and pulsed heating calculations Reducing average power with rf pulse shaping Stead state thermal and stress analysis with ANSYS Summary

2. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC LCLS Prototype Gun at GTF Cathode Plate Single sided rf feed Beam Exit Laser Entrance Port RF probes and tuners are not shown in figures

3. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC LCLS RF Gun Modifications Dual RF feed 120 Hz cooling Cathode Load Lock High QE Uniform Emission Fast installation (< 2 hrs) Motorized symmetric tuners with readbacks in both cells Calibrated symmetrized field probes in both cells LCLS Gun

4. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Gun Design Parameters

5. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Ideal Field on Axis

6. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Required Thermal Stability df  /dt = -52 kHz/˚C For   < 1˚ requires  T < 0.15˚C for  = 2 Small amplitude effect with temperature variation Feedback on low level rf can further reduce the phase variation. Measured amplitude and phase variation for GTF gun over 20 minutes. Amplitude and phase oscillation due to 0.1˚C peak-peak temperature oscillation.

7. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Pulsed Heating Stored Energy at 140 MV/m is 9.1 J. Energy per macro pulse dissipated in the structure is 33 J with  = 1.3,  = 580 ns and 3  s long rf pulse. At 120 Hz this corresponds to 4 kW. GTF gun with water cooling dissipates only 330 W at 10 Hz and 140 MV/m. BNL, SHI, University of Tokyo gun with water cooling dissipates < 1 kW at 50 Hz and 100 MV/m. Need a factor of 4 increase in average power dissipation. Possible problems with thermal distortions changing resonant frequency and field distribution. Possible problem with pulsed stress leading to Cu material failure.

8. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Thermal Distortion and Stress Analysis Calculations with ANSYS – Finite Element Analysis Code Assume 4 kW CW load distributed along the gun surface as determined by SUPERFISH and ANSYS Calculate temperature distribution, thermal distortions and stresses in gun body Limit distortions to < 100 kHz frequency shift to prevent the need for re-tuning the gun as the field is varied Limit von Mises Stress to 2 10 7 Pa Determine appropriate water cooling channel number and location to achieve goals Compare with GTF performance

9. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Temperature Distribution for GTF and LCLS Water 20 ˚C GTF style cooling channelsLCLS design using 4 cooling channels f  0 power - f  full power = 800 kHz

10. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Temperature and Stress Distribution Water 30 ˚C no power and 14 ˚C full power f  0 power - f  full power = 80 kHz Thermocouple On gun body Stress (Pa)Temperature (˚C)

11. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC RF Coupler Temperature and Stress Stress (Pa)Temperature (˚C) 3D model with GTF coupling iris thickness (56 mils)

12. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC RF Coupler Temperature and Stress Stress (Pa)Temperature (˚C) 3D model with 2X GTF coupling iris thickness (112 mils)

13. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Results 4 cooling channels including 1 on the cathode plate. Moving cooling channels to gun body OD increases stress by a factor of 2. ANSYS predicts 230 W load changes the GTF gun frequency by 125 kHz and observe ≈ 50-100 kHz. ANSYS predicts 80 kHz LCLS gun frequency shift when changing from no load with 30 ˚C water to 4 kW load with 14 ˚C water. 3D ANSYS analysis shows rf coupling iris has the highest stress and temperature. RF coupling iris must be thicker to reduce stress.

14. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC 1.8 kW4.0 kW Reducing Pulsed Heating with RF Pulse Shaping

15. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Optimum Pulse Shape 1.6 kW

16. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Pulse Shaping Advantages Factor 2 less power dissipated in structure Less dark current Reach higher peak fields due to shorter rf pulse length Disadvantages Possibly more mode beating effects between 0 and  modes Klystron bandwidth will mitigate reduction in power Extra effort to shape pulse

17. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Coupling Coefficient Advantages of high  Less average and pulsed power Less dark current Less sensitive to water temperature fluctuations Less sensitive to resonant frequency shifts due to distortions Shorter time constants reduce mode beating Advantages of low  Smaller field perturbation due to coupling holes Less klystron power for a given cathode field Less reflected power Narrower resonance reducing amplitude of mode beating term

18. Injector RF Design Review schmerge@slac.stanford.edu November 3, 2004 John Schmerge, SLAC Summary LCLS gun modifications Dual rf feed 120 Hz cooling (4 kW average power) Cathode load lock Motorized symmetric tuners in both cells Calibrated symmetrized field probes in both cells 4 kW average power load Stead state thermal and stress analysis acceptable for constant gun body temperature (variable water temperature) Can reduce the average power load by ≈ a factor of 2 with an initial high power klystron pulse reduced to the steady state value after the field has reached the desired level