1. WECPP1 Java networking Jim Briggs based on notes by Amanda Peart based on Bell & Parr's bonus chapter http://www.shu.ac.uk/java/networkprogramming/starthere.html

2. WECPP2 Aims To understand Java networking To appreciate socket programming Define the client socket How to use sockets Overview of server sockets

3. WECPP3 Review Internet basics TCP/IP protocol (contra UDP/IP) –ensures reliable transmission of data IP address –identifies Internet host (strictly interface) Domain name –user-friendly way of identifying hosts –DNS maps names to IP addresses (and vice-versa) Port –identifies particular service on a host (e.g. HTTP = 80)

4. WECPP4 Sockets –abstract input-output devices –could apply to any sort of device, but most often referred to in the context of networking: software mechanism for one program to talk to another Two-way connection between two programs –full-duplex link –more than one socket can be associated with a port

5. WECPP5 Client and server sockets Client socket and server socket need to be programmed in different ways Client socket assumes the server is ready to accept connections Server needs to listen for connection requests

6. WECPP6 How is a socket used? A new socket is created by a program The socket attempts to connect to a remote host Once the connection has been established, the local machine and the remote machine send and receive data When the transmission is complete, one or both machines closes the connection

7. WECPP7 Socket Programming Java uses ‘class Sockets’ to interface to TCP sockets (import java.net.*) The constructor method for the class: creates a TCP socket allows the user to specify a host and port attempts to connect to the host Socket connection = new Socket("www.port.ac.uk", 80); Socket connection = new Socket(InetAddress, port);

8. WECPP8 When connection is established... The client host port is chosen by the system at run time The client port number can be accessed using: connection.getLocalPort() A socket is closed when: –The socket is garbage collected –The program ends –The program explicitly closes it: connection.close()

9. WECPP9 Errors and exceptions ConnectException –The connection is refused by the remote host. –Host could be busy or there might be no server on the port NoRouteToHostException –The connection has timed out.

10. WECPP10 Input with sockets For input it is most convenient to create a BufferedReader (java.io) as follows: BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader (new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); This enables readLine to be used for string input. Data ends when null is returned. Example: String line; while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { processLine(); }

11. WECPP11 Output with sockets For output to a stream it is convenient to create a PrintWriter (java.io) object as follows: PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true); Use method println to output a line. out.println("string"); Closing a socket closes all of the associated streams.

12. WECPP12 Socket crashes When a program reads from a socket, the call on read blocks (waits) until the data has been obtained But if the remote host crashes, the program is left hanging An alternative is to call setSoTimeout(timeout) –Sets the maximum waiting time (in milliseconds) When the time expires, an InterruptedException is thrown

13. WECPP13 Port scanner example A port scanner is a program that hunts for working ports on an Internet host –Warning: can be impolite PortScanner.java –Checks for unknown host –Attempts to connect to ports 1 to 256 of specified host –Ignores ports where no socket can be established

14. WECPP14 Get server time example Connect to server's port 13 Read a line of text (containing time and date) GetRemoteTime.java Of course it cannot connect if no service is running

15. WECPP15 Class Sockets DescriptionExample constructors public Socket(String host, int port) creates a new Socket object corresponding to destination host and port Socket socket = new Socket("www.shu.ac.u k", 80); public Socket(InetAddress host, int port) creates a new Socket object corresponding to the InetAddress object and port Socket socket = new Socket(inetAddress, 80);

16. WECPP16 Class Sockets DescriptionExample Object Method public InetAddress getInetAddress() returns the InetAddress object corresponding to the host that is, or will be, connected to. InetAddress iNE = socket.getInetAddress( ); public int getPort()returns the port number of the host to which the socket is, or will be, connected. int port = socket.getPort();

17. WECPP17 Class Sockets DescriptionExample Object Method public int getLocalPort() returns the local port number. int port = socket.getLocalPort(); public InputStream getInputStream() returns an input stream that can be used by the program for input. InputStream is = socket.getInputStream(); public OutputStream getOutputStream() returns an output stream that can be used by the program for output. OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();

18. WECPP18 Class Sockets DescriptionExample Object Method public synchronized void close() disconnects a socket. This also closes the streams associated with the socket socket.close(); public String toString()returns a string representation of a socket with remote host name, remote IP address, remote port, local port. String details = socket.toString() public synchronized void setSoTimeout(int ms) sets the time-out to the parameter value (in milliseconds) socket. setSoTimeout(18000 );

19. WECPP19 Sockets and Server Sockets Socket: –Implemented by class socket –A socket object is a connection to a certain host on a particular port –Socket objects are used for data transfer –A Socket object initiates a connection Server socket: –Implemented by class ServerSocket –A SocketServer object just waits on a particular port for incoming connections from anywhere –A ServerSocket object waits for connections

20. WECPP20 The algorithm for a server 1 Create ServerSocket object on a particular port ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(12345, 100); ServerSocket object listens for any connection attempts Socket connection = server.accept(); The server is blocked (waits) until a client attempts to connect When a client attempts to connect, the server wakes up

21. WECPP21 The algorithm for a server 2 When a client connects, method accept returns a new Socket object representing the connection between the server and the client That socket object's getInputStream and/or getOutputStream methods are called to obtain streams which can be used to send/receive data The server and the client interact using streams according to an agreed protocol When finished, the server, the client, or both close the connection

22. WECPP22 Daytime server example DaytimeServer.java Listens on port 13 When a connection is accepted it uses the socket's output stream to write the current date and time Then closes the socket and listens for a new connection (forever)

23. WECPP23 More complex servers A server dealing with one connection cannot respond to further connections –Normally, connection requests are queued May be better to create a new thread to deal with each connection –Allows main thread to keep listening for new connections

24. WECPP24 Reading Bell and Parr - bonus chapter http://www.shu.ac.uk/java/networkprogram ming/ starthere.html http://www.shu.ac.uk/java/networkprogram ming/ starthere.html Deitel, chapter 18