1. Origins of the Internet The Internet was started as a research project sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the U.S. Dept. of Defense in the late 1960s Called ARPAnet, this distributed network was conceived to support university and military research In the 1980s the National Science Foundation (NSF) used this same technology to create the NSFnet, which was intended to support education and research. In the mid 1980s the Internet was commercialized and dot coms were created. Much traffic on the Internet is now Web-based and commercial in nature.

2. What is the Internet? – The Internet is a constellation of communicating devices supported by a common communications protocol (TCP/IP), offering the following capabilities: – SMTP – Simple Mail Transport Protocol (aka “Email”) – telnet -- the ability to connect to a remote host and interact as if one where onsite – FTP – File Transfer Protocol, the ability to connect to a remote host and upload/download a file

3. The World Wide Web is n A software application, most often running on the Internet (but not required to be) using a client – server protocol for communications. n When run on the Internet, these apps are supported by SMTP, telnet, and FTP

4. Hyperlinks !!! n Hyperlinks (the ability to move from one source to another in a webbed environment) are the primary reason why the Web is so popular (and navigable). n Hyperlinks are often combinations of the telnet and FTP functions within TCP/IP (the so-called “Internet protocol”)

5. So what is “client-server”? n Client-server itself is a software application that supports connectivity and functionality between users (running “client software applications”) and hosts, or servers running server-side software. n Sometimes we call this design philosophy an “Open Systems” design, since it supports multiple H/S platforms.

6. The Web (or “WWW”) enables these functions:  Text and graphic presentation to the end user  Hyperlinks to related materials created by a web page author

7. What is HTML? n The authoring language of the Web is currently HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language. n Future versions of the Web are likely to be based on XML, and eXtensible Markup Language

8. HTML does not support such things as:  Sound, motion, video  User interactions  Counters and market information n But these applications can be accomplished through external programming tools that run “under” HTML.