1. Introduction of System Engineering Prof. Jer-Nan Juang 09/25/2008 (GSC) Prof. Jer-Nan Juang Adjunct Professor National Taiwan University

2. 2 Outline Definition of System Engineering Systems Engineering Process Models System Engineering Standards

3. 3 Process Example: A Table of Delicious Dishes Customer Requirements: Eat Recipe Market Bargain Rinse IQC : Incoming Quality Control Monitoring & Measurement Cook Production Behavior Business Behavior Purchase Behavior Test Packing Final Check Delivery IPQC: In Process Quality Control FQC : Final Quality Control Complaint: Bad Quality Correction Design Behavior Parameters: Temperature;Taste Preparation: Equipment; Sauce Discount Improvement Trash Resources: Facilities Cash Manpower Knowledge

5. 5

6. 6 An Example of PDCA 2.1 BUS 2.1.1 AOCS 2.1.2 EPS 2.1.3 RCS 2.1.3.1 Battery 2.1.3.2 PCDU 2.1.3.3 Solar Array Account Manger Subsystem CI WBS Control Sheet WBS Title Key Milestones Owner Acting M-Y Cost SOW Deliverable Risk Application Approval This Week Report WBS Title Key Milestones Owner Acting M-Y Cost Man-hours Spent Cost Progress Report Next Week Application WBS Title Key Milestones Owner Acting M-Y Cost Man-hours applied Budget Applied Work Description PLA N DO CHECK ACT

7. 7 Homework: System Process Describe a system process to manufacture a product of your interest. Describe a quality-control process for writing a technical report.

8. Definition of System Engineering

9. 9 System Definitions  An integrated set of equipment, computer program, facilities, human and logistical support resources, and procedures which are assembled to accomplish a single purpose or mission (NASA/CSS)  A composite of equipment, skills, and techniques capable of performing and/or supporting and operational role (Army)  A complete solution to a defined need(s) in its full environment over a prescribed lifetime (TRW) HardwareSoftware Equipment Facilities Technical Data Personnel

10. 10 Command Control & Communications Architecture Space Mission Architecture Space Mission Concept Subject Space Segment (P/L+S/C) Orbit and Constellation Launch Segment Ground Segment Mission Operations

11. 11 The Space System Launch Segment Space Segment Ground Segment Space System

12. 12 A Typical Space System Launch Segment Space Segment Ground Segment Launch Facility Launch Vehicle Launch Control Ground Handling Equipment Spacecraft Airborne Support Equipment Flight Operations Communi- cation Services Data Processing Facility Space System

13. 13 What is the Systems Engineering ? The Orchestra Needs a Conductor and...

14. 14 What is the System Engineering? A logical sequence of activities and decisions that transforms an operational need into a description of system performance parameters and a preferred system configuration. (MIL-STD-499A[5], Engineering Management, 1 May 1974. Now canceled.) An interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the entire technical effort and evolves into and verifies an integrated and life-cycle balanced set of system people, products, and process solutions that satisfy customer needs. (EIA Standard IS-632, Systems Engineering, December 1994.) An interdisciplinary, collaborative approach that derives, evolves, and verifies a life-cycle balanced system solution which satisfies customer expectations and meets public acceptability. (IEEE P1220, Standard for Application and Management of the Systems Engineering Process, [Final Draft], 26 September 1994.)

15. 15 System Acquisition ? Through the Maze to System Acquisition System Acquisition

16. 16 Systems Engineering (Basic Concept) Mission (A Large Problem) #1#2#3#N TO BE SOLVED & EFFECTIVELY MANAGED TO PRODUCE AN OPTIMIZED SOLUTION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS (TO BE DECOMPOSED INTO AN INTEGRATED SET OF SMALL PROBLEMS)

17. 17 National Policy Mission Needs Determination Mission Analysis Concept Definition Technology Development System Development Testing & Operations SE 1-5 yr 2-5 yr 4-8 yr 10-15 yr System Acquisition Cycle oToday’s pace systems are so complex that the time scale from inception to operation can be 10 to 20 years oSystem engineering participates in this “Womb-to-Tomb” process and provides to the program historical records of trade analyses, requirements traceability, performance verification, and system operations

18. 18 System Acquisition Cycle (NASA) CONCEPT DEFINION SYSTEM REQMTS ANALYSIS SYSTEM ANAL & DESIGN SUBSYST REQMTS ANAL SUBSYST ARCH DESIGN SUBSYST DETAIL DESIGN SUBSYST IMPLEMEN- TATION SUBSYST I&T SYSTEM I&T SYSTEM ACCEPT OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE PDR PAR SRR CDR S/SRR SDR CA S/STR TRR ORR SYSTEM NEED ACRONYMS: PAR - PROJECT APPROVAL REVIEW SRR - SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS REVIEW SDR - SYSTEM DESIGN REVIEW S/SDR - SUBSYSTEM DESIGN REVIEW PDR - PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW CDR - CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW TRR - TEST READINESS REVIEW S/STR - SUBSYSTEM TEST REVIEW STR - SYSTEM TEST REVIEW CA - CONFIGURATION AUDIT ORR - OPERATIONAL READINESS REVIEW

19. 19 SE Role During Development Phases Requirements Development Preliminary Design Detailed Design Production and Test Post Launch Support Mission Definition Program Phase System Needs System Engineering Role System Level Design Preliminary Requirements Mission Ops Analysis System Architecture Development Requirement Development Verification Planning Mission Statement Mission Objectives Mission Area Analysis System Concept Development Operations Concept Development Technology Development RFP Preparation Requirements Baseline Preliminary Design Below System Level System Design Development Requirements Flowdown Development Specification Design Baseline Detailed Design of Total System Design Review and Monitoring Fabrication & Assembly I&T System Sell-off Test Monitoring & Verification Operation & Maintenance On-Orbit Data Analysis & System Ops SRRSDR PDR CDR PSR System Design

20. 20 System Engineering Functions (Typical) SYSTEM DEFINITION SYSTEM ANALYSIS SYSTEM DESIGN SYSTEM VERIFICATION SYSTEM DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM OPERATIONS SYSTEM ENGINEERING MISSION DEFINITION SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION/ ALLOCATION REQUIREMENTS ALLOCATIONS/ TRACEBILITY SYSTEM/ SEGMENT SPECIFICATIONS SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS MISSION AND OPS ANALYSIS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS UTILITY ANALYSIS CONFIGURATION DESIGN TRADES INTERFACE ENGINEERING TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT DESIGN REVIEW/ EVALUATION RISK MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY/ PLANS VERIFICATION REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS, SIMULATION, TEST PLAN VALIDATION AND ACCEPTANCE METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND ARCHITECTURE DATA PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS INTERFACE DEFINITION AND CONTROL DATA BASE/ DEFINTION AND CONTROL MISSION/ SYSTEM OPERATIONS CONCEPT AND REQUIREMENTS OPERATIONS PLANS PROCEDURES VALIDATION SIMULATION AND TRAINING PLANS INTEGRATED LOGISTICS PLANS

21. 21 System Hierarchy SYSTEM SEGMENT ELEMENT SUBSYSTEM COMPONENT SUBASSEMBLY PART SUBSYSTEM COMPONENT MODULE PROCEDURE/ROUTINE EXAMPLE FORMOSAT-1 SPACE/GROUND SPACECRAFT/PAYLOAD EPS/TT&C BATTERY/ANTENNA INTEGRATED CSCIs CSCI CSU CU HARDWARESOFTWARE TYPICAL SOFTWARE NOTATION o One project’s system is another project’s component

22. 22 0943-98 Innovation Associates Holistic Thinking versus Local Thinking … 22

23. Systems Engineering - Process Models

24. 24 Systems Engineering Process Models Software System –Waterfall Model –Spiral Model Enterprise System –Vee Model –Typical SE Model –SIMILAR –ANSI/EIA 632

25. 25 Waterfall Model By Royce in 1970

26. 26 Spiral Model By Boehm in 1988

27. 27 Vee Model By Forberg and Mooz in 1992

28. 28 Vee Model

29. 29 Typical Systems Engineering Process SE management guide, DSMC, Jan 1990

30. 30 Systems Engineering Process

31. 31 SIMILAR Process By Bahill and Gissing in 1998

32. 32 SE Process in ANSI/EIA 632 ANSI: American National Standards Insitute EIA: Electronic Industries Alliance

33. 33 33 Process Requirements Specified by ANSI/EIA 632

34. System Engineering - Standards

35. 35 History of SE

36. 36 Evolution of Systems Engineering Standards