1. 1 CASH vs. ACCRUAL BASIS OF ACCOUNTING Maggie Whitlow 855-2822 mwhitlow@indiana.edu

2. Maggie Whitlow2 CASH BASIS MODIFIED CASH BASIS ACCRUAL BASIS

3. Maggie Whitlow3 WHY GAAP – Generally Accepted Accounting Principles –Recognize Income when earned –Match expenses and revenues is proper period TELL A MORE COMPLETE STORY

4. Maggie Whitlow4 WHERE INCOME STATEMENT –RECOGNIZE INCOME WHEN EARNED –RECOGNIZE EXPENSE WHEN INCURRED BALANCE SHEET –RECEIVABLESPREPAID EXPENSE –PAYABLES ACCRUED PAYROLL –DEFERRED INCOME –DEPRECIATION

5. Maggie Whitlow5 HOW CAMPUS BUS $800,000 bus passes sold Aug. 31 Bursar has transferred the cash Service will be performed over 8 months – Sept. thru April. Assume nothing else happened in August.

6. Maggie Whitlow6 CASH BASIS Income Statement Revenue$800,000 Expenses $ 0 Net Income $800,000

7. Maggie Whitlow7 BALANCE SHEET ASSETS CASH$800,000 LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCE FUND BALANCE$800,000

8. Maggie Whitlow8 ACCRUAL BASIS The cash received on August 31 is not yet really revenue. Campus Bus has not yet performed the service, it begins on Sept. 1 The cash received should be recorded as Deferred Revenue. There will be no entry that effects the income statement for that month.

9. Maggie Whitlow9 BALANCE SHEET ASSETS CASH$800,000 LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCE DEFERRED REVENUE $800,000

10. Maggie Whitlow10 SEPTEMBER Earned Income: $100,000 Payroll Expenses: $40,000 Payroll Paid: $10,000 Fuel purchased $20,000 Fuel paid for $7,000 Service Maint contract paid for year $60,000

11. Maggie Whitlow11 OTHER ITEMS TO CONSIDER ACCOUNTS RECIEVABLE SERVICE PERFORMED, NOT YET PAID NEED TO ESTIMATE BAD DEBT EXP DEPRECIATION FIXED ASSET COST ON BALANCE SHEET PERIODICALLY RECOGNIZE DEPR. LONG TERM DEBT BOND PRINCIPLE ON BALANCE SHEET INTEREST EXPENSE ON INCOME STATEMENT INVENTORY COST OF GOODS SOLD NEED TO ESTIMATE INVENTORY SHRINKAGE NEED TO TAKE PHYSICAL INVENTORY AT LEAST ANNUALLY