1. July 11, 2003 1 Telecom Research at Rutgers University Fred S. Roberts Director, DIMACS froberts@dimacs.rutgers.edu Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 1

2. July 11, 2003 2 Outline What is Telecom? The research players and their background A selection of research topics suggested by Rutgers faculty –Short synopsis –Food for thought; aimed at stimulating discussion Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 2

3. July 11, 2003 3Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 3 Communications Information Telecom Computing What is Telecom? The set of technologies and sciences at the intersection of communications, information, and computing

4. July 11, 2003 4 What is Telecom? 20th century: transport, switching, and storage of narrowband voice and data 21st century? Reasonable goal: fully integrated and networked broadband multimedia including: –data of all types –text, images, audio, video –virtual reality –searchable, browseable multimedia documents –shared reality tele-collaboration Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 4

5. July 11, 2003 5 What is Telecom? So: telecom is all about networks: interconnections of networks (e.g., the Internet) operation and maintenance of networks things that make up networks (routers, hubs, switches) things that get moved around networks (data, text, voice, images, video, …) things that attach to networks (devices, sensors, monitors) services that run on networks Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 5

6. July 11, 2003 6 Outline What is Telecom? The research players and their background A selection of research topics suggested by Rutgers faculty –Short synopsis –Food for thought; aimed at stimulating discussion Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 6

7. July 11, 2003 7 Major Hubs of Telecom Research at Rutgers CAIP (Center for Advanced Information Processing) DIMACS (Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science) WINLAB (Wireless Information Laboratory) Computer Science Dept. Statistics Dept. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 7

8. July 11, 2003 8 CAIP Established by NJCST in 1985 Mission: industrial applications of advanced computing technologies Industry partners: AT&T, Avaya, Cisco, Datacube, Fujitsu, General Motors, IBM, InfoValue, Intel, Iscan, Kodak, Lucent, NEC, NIST, Oracle, OSS Nokalva, Panasonic, Sarnoff, Siemens, SpeechWorks, SUN, Telcordia, Texas Inst., CECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, Verizon, Xybernaut University partners: UMDNJ, NJIT, Princeton, Stanford, MIT, Johns Hopkins, CMU, Colorado, Cal Tech, Columbia, New Mexico State 86 faculty, visiting scientists, staff, and students Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 8

9. July 11, 2003 9 Telecom-related Research at CAIP Multimodal interfaces (NSF) Image and speech pattern recognition (DOD) VLSI design (NJCST) Bio/nano mechatronics (NSF) Applications to homeland security (DOD, CECOM) SiC semiconductors (DARPA, Union Carbide) Collaborative networking (DOD, NSF) Distributed grid computing (NSF) Data visualization (NSF) Telemedicine/rehabilitation (NSF, Novartis) Virtual environments (NSF) Speech production (NIH) Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 9

10. July 11, 2003 10 Telecom-related Research at CAIP: Future Opportunities Natural communication with information systems. Virtual environments for collaboration Internet delivery of rehabilitative therapies Autonomic grid computing Systems and sensors on a chip Detection of radioactive materials Human imaging for dosimetry analysis Low bit-rate communication for security Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 10

11. July 11, 2003 11 CAIP Cumulative Impacts: External Contract Funding:$55M ($17M in current contracts) Ph.D.’s and MS’s graduated: 213 Patents filed: 80 Startup companies assisted: 20+ CAIP spinoff companies created: 3 Small business outreach, new jobs: 100+ Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 11

12. July 11, 2003 12 DIMACS The importance of discrete math and theoretical CS (algorithm development) led Rutgers, Princeton, AT&T Bell Labs, and Bellcore to develop strong research groups In 1988, they joined to form DIMACS Telecommunications: AT&T Labs, Bell Labs, Telcordia, Avaya Computing: NEC Research, IBM Research, Microsoft Research, HP Labs (Princeton) 1989: prestigious NSF “science and technology center” award. $10M grant largest at Rutgers. NJCST played important role. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 12

13. July 11, 2003 13 Telecom-related Research at DIMACS next generation networks technologies computational information theory and coding communication security simulations of communication architectures computer-aided verification of software massively parallel computing massive data sets applications of large scale discrete optimization to communication networks cryptography complexity of interactive computing Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 13

14. July 11, 2003 14 Telecom-related Research at DIMACS - II telecom researchers find new applications of their methods: homeland security research epidemiology/public health computational biology DNA computing Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 14

15. July 11, 2003 15 Telecom Research at DIMACS More than $50M in external funding for research and education program at DIMACS since its inception NSF, ONR, NSA, NIH, DARPA, ICMIC (intelligence community), Sloan Foundation, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, NJCST, numerous companies. Solution of Gilbert-Pollak conjecture led to highly efficient heuristics for design of communication networks. Pioneer in field of computer-aided verification; methods now used widely by Intel, Sun, Motorola, AT&T, Lucent. Simulation software for the global internet adopted by more than 40 companies/universities. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 15

16. July 11, 2003 16 Telecom Research at DIMACS Work on error-correcting codes led to new techniques for the design of efficicient encoders and decoders. A remarkably simple on-line algorithm for bin packing small information packets of varying sizes into bins of fixed capacity. Powerful cryptographic methods for secure authorized access. The “players” at DIMACS –230 scientists from partner universities and companies –partner company scientists directly involved in DIMACS projects –more than 1000 visitors a year Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 16

17. July 11, 2003 17 WINLAB Founded in 1989 Broad experimental and theoretical expertise in wireless technologies Broad collaborative experience with industry: –about 20 industry sponsors –major partners brought into NJ include Intel, Nortel, Thomson, Samsung, NTT, Sprint, Motorola, Mitsubishi, … Implementing technology transfer through both sponsor companies and startups Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 17

18. July 11, 2003 18 Telecom Research at WINLAB Freebits -- short range ultra high speed communications NJ Center for Wireless Communication 4th Generation Radio Resource Management Adaptive Networking for 3rd Generation Cellular Security in Next Generation Wireless Dynamic Spectrum Management First Generation of MUSE sensor program Research Wireless Testbed Cognitive Network Management Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 18

19. July 11, 2003 19 Telecom Research at WINLAB Pioneer in “hot spot” wireless networking technology now appearing at Starbucks, McDonalds, etc. through its “infostations” program. Going out to startups and Army STTR tech transfer. ~20 faculty/staff + ~40-50 students Currently over $2M a year in funding. This year won IEEE Marconi and William R. Bennett Awards Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 19

20. July 11, 2003 20 WINLAB: Implications for the Future Wireless is fastest growing segment of telecom. –Almost 500M cell phones sold/year. –1/3 of calls in US are already wireless, not wired (FCC). –148M US subscribers,~ half the population. (FCC). –$76B Wireless revenues in 2002; 30% of telecom (FCC). –Wireless Data devices market expected to be $10B+ by end of 2003. –21M American users of Wireless Hot Spots by 2007 (IBM). 6,300 global hotspots in 2001; expect 114,000 by 2006. (IBM). NJ needs a world-class center of expertise in all major areas of wireless communications. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

21. July 11, 2003 21 Economic Impact of Wireless Research in NJ 100’s of new high tech jobs/year via startups and partnerships. Retain high tech talent in NJ. Train and retain the best students. Diversify the telecom industrial base in NJ through diverse wireless end-user applications, not just the traditional (and now stagnant) core infrastructure.

22. July 11, 2003 22 Outline What is Telecom? The research players and their background A selection of research topics suggested by Rutgers faculty –Short synopsis –Food for thought; aimed at stimulating discussion Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 22

23. July 11, 2003 23 Multimodal Integrated Wireless Sensor on-Silicon (MUSE) (WinLAB, ECE, BME, CS, UMDNJ, GaTech) Today, sensors are individual units as transistors once were. –Temperature, pressure, light, chemicals, etc. –Expensive controllers, readouts, and communications –Usually physically large and often hand-made. With new technology, we should be able to link sensors in complex networks to gather information in new ways. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 23 SensorRF Modem/CPU

24. July 11, 2003 24 Multimodal Integrated Wireless Sensor on-Silicon (MUSE) Networks of Sensors: –Applications to medicine, consumer, environment, security, military, etc. –Need new wireless networking technology –Need ultra-low cost sensors and controllers New sensor technology that can measure many properties Ultra low power electronics, algorithms, and protocols All on one chip, reusing as much of integrated circuit technology as possible Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 24

25. July 11, 2003 25 Multimodal Integrated Wireless Sensor on-Silicon (MUSE) Low Cost, Wireless Networked Sensors –Strongly multidisciplinary program –Draws in all levels of technology from devices to networks to applications and security. –Build on strengths of the partners and ongoing programs. –Too large to tackle without cohesive program with a shared vision and strong core funding. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 25

26. July 11, 2003 26 Multimodal Integrated Wireless Sensor on-Silicon (MUSE) Economic impact for NJ –Market for integrated sensors estimated at $3B in 2005 and $10B in 2010 This is before security adders or changes in military needs. –Can build on existing industrial partnerships and experience to make the technology transfer happen. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 26

27. July 11, 2003 27 Locating Mobile Users Estimating the location of wireless communications users attracts huge attention Applications include –location-aware services finding the nearest vending machine or printer finding the nearest buyer or seller in a market of buyers and sellers in a museum setting, presenting artifact-specific descriptions on a handheld device locating a misplaced handheld device Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 27

28. July 11, 2003 28 Locating Mobile Users Other applications: –emergency location identifying the room location of a crime victim in a prison setting, locating a distressed guard –access control blocking access to a Wi-Fi network from outside a building blocking access for specific users from specific locations Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 28

29. July 11, 2003 29 Locating Mobile Users Team from Rutgers (Statistics Dept.) and Avaya Inc. (wireless expertise) have developed novel and highly sophisticated statistical algorithms unlike any of the existing approaches Substantially more accurate location estimation with dramatically less training data Immediate application in enterprise settings Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 29

30. July 11, 2003 30 Locating Mobile Users Every major telecommunications company working on this problem Tremendous commercial potential Avaya team has significant experience with wireless technology and markets Rutgers has a long track record of funding and innovation in statistical methods Urgent need for seed funding for experimentation and software development Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 30

31. July 11, 2003 31 Massive Data Analysis Lab (MassDAL) Agenda: Gather, manage and process massive data logs---- Web, IP/wireless traffic data, location trajectories of objects, sensor readings of physical world. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

32. July 11, 2003 32 Massive Data Analysis Lab (MassDAL) Key Challenges: –Scale: Beyond the traditional “human” scale. Eg., IP data at a single router interface for an hour exceeds total yearly worldwide credit card transactions! –Data Collection: probes/sensors with associated data quality and communication problems. Need breakthroughs in Mathematics, Algorithms, Systems and Engineering, to meet these challenges. Potential: Major impact in Telecom, Transportation and Society-at-large. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

33. July 11, 2003 33 State of MassDAL Engineering: –Consulting in analysis of wireless network logs. Client: AT&T Wireless, 3 rd largest in US, 20 Million customers. Terabytes/month. Current value: $3M per year. 5 pers. Fully operational, telco-grade! Interest from Cingular wireless. –Incorporated novel algorithms in operational IP network data analysis tools. Current partner: AT&T. Potential partner: Lucent. Mathematics and Computer Science. –Algorithms, Databases, Statistics, and Data Mining on novel models and algorithms. –Supported by NSF grants. Partners: Rutgers CS, DIMACS, MIT. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

34. July 11, 2003 34 State of MassDAL (Contd) Science –Developing wearable sensors for tracking location of objects as well as “interactions” between objects. –Current partner: Telcordia. Their initial investment: $300K/3 months (est). Potential partner in works: Los Alamos National Lab. –Potential: Analysis of social networks for Epidemiology and Homeland Security. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

35. July 11, 2003 35 Future of MassDAL Research: Need breakthrough research in mathematics, systems, databases, algorithms, sensor networking. Expand data domains. –Potential partners: Google, NJ auto insurance fraud data, USPTO patent data, AWS location trajectories, etc. Build state-of-art facility at Rutgers. –Secure, 24x7, data hosting and analysis infrastructure capable of gathering and processing petabytes of data/month across domains, data sources, etc. Unique in the world! Potential. –Every wireless, telecom, internet service provider is looking to farm out this crucial piece of their operations. Estimated market for these services: 100’s of millions in US $ per year. Crucial for NJ State. Interest from multiple VCs now. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

36. July 11, 2003 36 Visualizing, Monitoring, and Analyzing Network Data (Statistics Dept. and Avaya Labs) Communication networks are widespread. Typical data provides a partial view of flow-data (e.g., on links) Analyzing network data is important in: –network planning and design –monitoring flaws –measuring reliability parameters –determining suitability of the network for different transmission functions (voice, data, voice over IP…) Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

37. July 11, 2003 37 Visualizing, Monitoring, and Analyzing Network Data Challenges Network data is complex and of high dimensionality. Statistical methods for analyzing network data are few and far between. Visualizing data helps us to spot trends quickly. Need is to develop high quality, practical, statistical and data analytic tools for understanding data from partial views and limited measurements. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

38. July 11, 2003 38 Visualizing, Monitoring, and Analyzing Network Data Results potentially useful for other kinds of networks: transportation, social, … Such tools of great importance in telecom. Research in this area already funded through NSF and NSA New methods/products should be very useful to NJ companies. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

39. July 11, 2003 39 Self-Healing Dependable Computing Computer, Heal Thyself –Scientific American, July 2003 We need systems that –monitor themselves –adjust hardware and software configurations to match demand –predict and diagnose problems and effect repairs –defend against hacker attacks Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

40. July 11, 2003 40 Self-Healing Dependable Computing Key Concerns Susceptibility to attack –Do denial-of-service attacks and viruses cause problem? Performability –Is system available with adequate performance when needed? Dependability –Can you rely on correct and predictable behavior? Self-awareness and autonomy –Does your system monitor and repair itself? Fail-safe uses –Would you trust your computer with a mission-critical task? Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

41. July 11, 2003 41 Information Technology is predicated on well-behaved, interacting machines but spam, viruses, and attacks are epidemic State of the Art Self-Healing Dependable Computing Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development To combat these problems we are pouring valuable resources into firewalls however firewalls restrict interaction! needs to be refocused!

42. July 11, 2003 42 Be realistic about computing environments –Errors, both human and computer, will always be present –Machines are only as well-behaved as their owners –Viruses, spam, and attacks ARE part of the environment Solutions Design systems that are self-aware and self-healing –Hardware is fast enough and affordable –Establish self-administered distributed policies –Continuously monitor, diagnose, and adapt Self-Healing Dependable Computing Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

43. July 11, 2003 43 On the global IT sector –System downtime will become increasingly costly –Without self-healing systems salaries will dominate IT costs On New Jersey – build on strengths –Two of the six NJ growth clusters are related to IT –NJ is center of telecom industry –NJ has the largest number of scientists/engineers per capita Experienced workforce is available for new initiatives Self-Healing Dependable Computing: Economic Impact Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

44. July 11, 2003 44 Self-Healing Dependable Computing: Rutgers Expertise Active research in several related areas –autonomous agents, change analysis for OO languages, component-based scalable networks, database mining, distributed systems, fault tolerance, peer-to-peer computing, secure services, modeling and simulation 7 CS faculty are currently working on relevant research $3.5M in external grants awarded over last few years Active industrial collaboration –Panasonic (Peer-to-peer computing) –IBM (change analysis for OO languages) –Telcordia and Rutgers CS are developing a joint initiative in this area Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

45. July 11, 2003 45 Multimodal Human-Machine Interface

46. July 11, 2003 46 Force Feedback Glove Gaze Tracker Microphone Array Multimodal Human-Machine Interface Real-world trial with NJ National Guard

47. July 11, 2003 47 User interface for interaction and collaboration with robots and humans NSF Equipment Grant EIA#98-18313 Center for Advanced Information Processing, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854. PI: J.L. Flanagan, co-PIs: J. Wilder, I. Marsic, M. Krane

48. July 11, 2003 48 Portable Interactive Command Console (PICC) Steerable microphone array element Stereo face tracking cameras Gaze tracker Source locator microphone Loudspeakers Light pen Flatpanel display Sensors HQ/VEHICLE Robotic Vehicles Emergency Responder in the Field Internet

49. July 11, 2003 49 Pervasive and Autonomous Computing WinLAB, ECE, CS Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 49

50. July 11, 2003 50 Pervasive and Autonomous Computing WinLAB, ECE, CS Communication and computing cost and performance have been improving by 2x every 18 months or less for decades. Wireless now makes it possible to complete the last link to people, machines, sensors, etc., everywhere. Great opportunity (and challenge) to move from point-to-point communication to pervasive communication, computing and knowledge access. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 50

51. July 11, 2003 51 Pervasive and Autonomous Computing Computing and communication can be integrated in the environment –Knowledge, information, communication always available, but less obtrusive Your personal “Radar O’Riley” is there to help, wherever you are (and gone when you want privacy) Sensors bring realtime data that matters –From your heartbeat to traffic jams and afternoon weather The world’s knowledge is always available when needed. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

52. July 11, 2003 52 Pervasive and Autonomous Computing Massive (and interesting) Research Challenges –Flexible system integration –New approaches to networking at all levels –Information-centric parallel and grid computing –Energy efficiency at all levels –Context awareness for communication and applications –Location awareness in routing and computing –Effective and user friendly security at all levels Integrating of Computing and Communication (especially wireless) is already a major corporate thrust at Intel, Microsoft, IBM, and many others. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

53. July 11, 2003 53 Pervasive and Autonomous Computing Rutgers has expertise and ongoing programs in these areas. Communications and computing affect every aspect of the economy and every individual Recent events show the limitations of the existing models for Telecom. NJ could take the lead in changing the landscape. New Jersey has the right combination of people, expertise, facilities to make it happen. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

54. July 11, 2003 54 Trusted Computing/Authentication Rutgers – Camden (CS) Security is the fastest growing sector of the telecommunications market today Security involves: encryption, authentication, access control, identity management, user provisioning, … Telecom often involves access to remote resources, requiring authentication of users and monitoring of users’ access privileges Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 54

55. July 11, 2003 55 Some Research Themes Authentication of remote users is usually done by passwords. Traditional (alphanumeric) passwords are not user-friendly and lead to security problems and increased IT costs. Graphical passwords: user- friendly; provide an extremely large password space (similar to a cryptographic key space) and thus are inherently more secure. Human-factors analysis of new password schemes Trusted Computing/Authentication Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

56. July 11, 2003 56 Impact of Research: Passwords are the most common method for authentication, but also one of the most vulnerable to cyber as well as physical attack. Improved authentication will impact human-computer interface, security. Will allow users to directly use passwords as cryptographic keys Collaborations: Drexel, Brooklyn Poly., Minnesota Collaborations: Unisys Password research is of great interest to software and telecommunications industries. Trusted Computing/Authentication Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

57. July 11, 2003 57 Trusted Computing/Authentication Other Research Challenges: Location-aware authentication/provisioning Dynamically changing access control and inference management Biometrics

58. July 11, 2003 58 Telecom and Homeland Security Communication security –wireless security –sharing data –information privacy –identity theft –secure e-commerce Emergency Communication Sensor Networks for Bio/Chemical Hazard Monitoring Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 58

59. July 11, 2003 59 Telecom and Homeland Security Rutgers projects in communication security include: –tunable, programmable, adaptive filters for secure communication (Engineering School) –low bit-rate coding of speech signals for secure communications (CAIP) (with Sarnoff) –information privacy (DIMACS) (with HP Labs NJ, Telcordia, AT&T Labs, NEC Labs) –secure e-commerce (CS with Fogbreak Software) These projects are funded by NSF, DARPA, NJCST Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 59

60. July 11, 2003 60 Telecom and Homeland Security Rutgers projects in emergency communication include: –infostations for rapid wireless communication for first responders (WINLAB) (with Mayflower Radio) –rapid networking at emergency locations (DIMACS with Telcordia) –rapid telecollaboration (CAIP) Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 60 These projects are funded by DARPA

61. July 11, 2003 61 Telecom and Homeland Security Rutgers project in sensor networks with application to bio/chemical hazard monitoring: –WINLAB –partnered with Agere, Sarnoff, Semandex, Thomson, J&J, Lucent Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 61

62. July 11, 2003 62 Telecom and Homeland Security Methods used in telecom are coming to be useful in homeland security research. Provides a great business opportunity for NJ’s telecom industry. Already, NJ telecom companies are subcontractors to Rutgers federal grants in this area. Examples are: –surveillance/detection methods –bioterrorism sensor location Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 62

63. July 11, 2003 63 Telecom and Homeland Security Surveillance/detection: –Massive data set methods used in fraud detection, network intrusion detection, etc. are being used in bioterrorist attack detection, emerging disease identification. DIMACS, $3M from NSF, ONR, Sloan Foundation, Burroughs Wellcome Fund cooperating with AT&T, Lucent, Telcordia, Merck, state and local health departments, CDC Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 63 anthrax

64. July 11, 2003 64 Telecom and Homeland Security Surveillance/detection: –MDS methods also used in monitoring streams of text messages for “new events” DIMACS, $1M from ICMIC (intelligence community) cooperating with AT&T, Telcordia Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 64

65. July 11, 2003 65 Telecom and Homeland Security Bioterrorism sensor location Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 65 BASIS bioterroism sensor system

66. July 11, 2003 66 Telecom and Homeland Security Bioterrorism sensor location –Network design methods useful. –“Equipment placing” algorithms developed for broadband access at Telcordia are candidates for modification for sensor placement problems. –Algorithms developed at Telcordia for placing regenerating equipment in transparent optical networks are also relevant. –Work at DIMACS with partners from AT&T Labs, Telcordia, Industrial Engineering, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Institute (joint with UMDNJ), Statistics, CS, and RUTCOR Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 66

67. July 11, 2003 67 Telecom and Homeland Security Thus, homeland security research can put NJ telecom back to work. Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development 67