1. TCP/IP Support Protocols

2. ICMP

3. ARP Can’t deliver IP packet to ethernet NIC without the ethernet address Runs over datalink

4. RARP Diskless workstations have no way to know own IP address IP addresses are set by software configuration (SA) Ethernet port is on card itself.. can’t be changed

5. SNMP Each device on the net serves information on status Client workstation collects and analyzes net.

6. NTP Network Time Protocol Clock synchronization across all network computers make() utility must have consistent times when directories are cross-mounted. Management of the system demands seeing when activities occur

7. SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Used as the protocol between mail servers Not between mail clients (such as pine and eudora) and the mail server –pop3 –imap more later!

8. Routing protocols Interior Gateway Protocols –managed in an area such as CNU –varies in managed areas Exterior Gateway Protocols –connections between IGPs and the internet core Border Gateway Protocols –between two IGP areas directly connected

9. IGP RIP –old, standard method –only evaluates hops OSPF –has more elaborate criteria for evaluating routes Both are protocols that dynamically update routing tables as conditions change –links are dropped –routers go down Need redundancy to make them effective