Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
+ + + + + + - - - - - - + Q free on inner surface - Q free on inner surface Interior points electric field must be zero - q bound + q bound Symmetry – fields must be uniform – field lines perpendicular to plates + + + - - - - - - -
2
+ + + + + + - - - - - - + Q free on inner surface - Q free on inner surface plate separation d area of plates A
3
conductordielectric ++++ +++++ + ------ Gauss’s Law
4
frequency dielectric Constant (polar molecules)
5
+ + + + + + + + + --------- dy F F me
6
+ + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - - - Electric displacement Electric field Polarization
8
A B C only some of the windings are shown Integration paths
9
L dA 3 BzBz dA 1 BzBz dA 2 BrBr
10
Z Y X
12
Bz1Bz1 s Bz2Bz2 x I B r = 0 A I enclosed = 0
13
s Bz2Bz2 x I B r = 0 C I enclosed = n s I B z1 = 0 I enclosed = 0 x I Bz2Bz2 B z1 = 0 x x xx
14
B single turn of wire with current I around integration loop B dr = 0 and B r = 0 outside loop B z = 0
15
B Fe H Fe B gap H gap B air H air i coil windings gap region iron core
16
XXXXXXXXXXXX................ 1 2 3 4 Circulation loop: square of length L Cross-section through electromagnet Current i out of page Current i into page
17
width L thickness t area A q = - e electrons are the charge carriers in copper
18
+ -
19
+ + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - dy F +q+q -q-q
20
+ + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - x L-x V rr C = C A + C B C CACA CBCB
21
Induced dipole moment – helium atom -e +2e Zero electric field – helium atom symmetric zero dipole moment -e +2e -e A B effectively charge +2e at A and -2e at B dipole moment p = 2 e d
22
Induced dipole moment – sulfur atom -8e +16e Zero electric field – helium atom symmetric zero dipole moment -8e +16e -8e A B effectively charge +16e at A and -16e at B dipole moment p = 16 e d
23
-q-q +q+q r 1 r – (d/2)cos r 2 r + (d/2)cos r P ErEr EE (d/2)cos
24
+ + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - +f+f -f-f dA -b-b +b+b
25
+q+q -q-q
26
+f+f -b-b +b+b - f O r S
27
+ dd r Pcos surface S + + - - - Area of the shaded ring between and + d Width of ring r d Radius of ring r sin
28
+ + + - - - element of charge dq e electric field at O due to charge dq e E0E0 E 0 cos
29
a +Ze a d d << a
30
F F F d +Q+Q - Q
31
0 π/2 π 0 + p E - p E U
32
+ - U = - p E Lowest energy state + - U = 0 + - U = + p E highest energy state = 0 = 180 o = 90 o
33
1/T r - 1
34
T PoPo
35
p E / k Tp E / k T 1 0 10 slope = 1/3
36
non-conducting liquid air conducting sphere q a Gaussian surface S r Symmetry field lines must be radial
37
non-conducting liquid air conducting sphere q Symmetry E airt = E liquidt E air = E liquid = E E airt E liquidt
38
field lines of E field lines of D +
39
field lines of E field lines of D + + ++ + + + + + + + greater concentration of charge on surface bounded by liquid
40
+ - induced dipoles due to shift in electron cloud + + - rotation orientation of polar molecules - + shift in atoms due to ionic nature of bond
41
NS 1 2 3 4 H Fe H air Circulation loop: square side L 5 6
42
B-field lines – form continuous loops Gauss’s Law for magnetism Cylindrical Gaussian surface
44
Bound surface currents i m (right hand screw rule) N pole imim
45
un-magnetized piece of iron N Bar magnet bought near un-magnetized piece of iron N N Bar magnet will attract the iron that was initially un-magnetized north pole attracts south pole
46
Fe ramp Cu ramp plastic ramp N N N
47
Circulation loop for circulation integration used in applying Ampere’s Law N N H iron H air
48
d I I B H (0,0) B d
49
B, H gap M gap = 0 B = B gap = B iron H iron M iron B B, H gap M gap = 0 B = B gap = B iron H iron M iron B PERMANENT MAGNET ELECTROMAGNET
50
X Y Z thickness t width w area A = w t magnetic field in Z direction current in X direction Schematic diagram of a Hall Probe
51
+ + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - I X Y. Z direction out of page charge carriers electrons (-) eg wire, N-type semiconductor charge carriers positive (+) eg holes in P-type semiconductor + _ VHVH VHVH width w
52
I area A length L + _ V resistance R resistivity conductivity number density n _ v electron
54
X Y Z object image electron beam A
55
+Y +X +Z BzBz ByBy vyvy FxFx Electron at A moving parallel to +Y-axis Electron acted upon by the radial component of the magnetic field force on electron in +X direction +X- component to the velocity axis for the motion of the electron beam radial component of magnetic field due to B z
56
+Y +X +Z BzBz ByBy vxvx FyFy Electron at B has a velocity component in the +X direction Electron acted upon by the axial component of the magnetic field B y force on electron in -Z direction i.e. towards to axis focusing action axis for the motion of the electron beam radial component of magnetic field FzFz due to B y due to B z
57
........ i free
59
external magnetic field
63
Electrostatic capacitor Electrolytic capacitor
64
Electrostatic capacitor Electrolytic capacitor
65
Electrochemical double layer capacitor conductive electrode conductive electrode separator activated carbon d
66
++++++++++++++++++ ------------------ ++++++++++++++++++ ------------------ ++++++++++++++++++ ------------------
68
+ - + - - Electric Field
69
Zero applied stress Compressive stress Induces a voltage Applied voltage produces An expansion + -
72
+ - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - Ferroelectric material + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - Antiferroelectric material + - + - + - + - + - + -
73
+ + + + + - - - - - + Q on inner surface - Q on inner surface Interior points electric field must be zero Symmetry – electric field must be uniform – electric field lines perpendicular to conductive plates ++ +0.2 Q on outer surface Interior points electric field must be zero
74
+ + + + + - - - - - + Q on inner surface - Q on outer surface Interior points electric field must be zero Symmetry – fields must be uniform – field lines perpendicular to plates Interior points electric field must be zero + + + + + - - - - - - Q on inner surface + Q on outer surface
75
+V+V +q+q +q+q +q+q -q-q -q-q -q-q Electric field between Adjacent plates
76
... Series branch V Capacitors in series (charge on each plate) Capacitors in parallel (voltage across each capacitor is the same)
77
V Capacitors in parallel V +Q 1 +Q 2 -Q 2 -Q 1 Q =Q 1 +Q 2 Capacitors in series C1C1 C2C2 C eq = C 1 +C 2 V C1C1 C2C2 +Q -Q V Q 1/C eq = 1/C 1 +1/C 2
78
fuel air w h l fuel
79
- + +Q+Q r Induced dipole
80
5a5a Slab 1 Slab 2 a a a a a
81
S1S1 S2S2 S3S3 S4S4
82
+ Q - Q + Q b1 - Q b1 + Q b2 - Q b2 C1C1 C2C2 + Q - Q Capacitors in series
83
E = 0
84
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + - - - - - - - -
85
V1V1 +Q/2 - Q/2 C 1 = Q / 2V 1 Q = 2 C 1 V 1 V2V2 +q A +q B - q B - q A C1C1 C1C1 C1C1 q A = C 2 V 2 = r C 1 V 2 q B = C 1 V 2 Q = q A + q B = C 1 V 2 ( r + 1) = 2 C 1 V 1 V 2 = 2 V 1 / ( r + 1) q A = 2 C 1 V 1 r / ( r + 1) q B = 2 C 1 V 1 / ( r + 1) C2C2
86
+Qf+Qf -Qf-Qf
87
+q - q rr d t
89
+ + + + + + + - - - - - - - Dielectric is neutral Homogenous dielectric – uniformly polarized The electrical field is reduced in the dielectric material
90
+ - + + - - + - + + + + + + + - - - - - - - Flat plate L = 1 Max polarization Thin long rod L = 0 Zero polarization Sphere L = 1/3 Concentration of charges At surface given by
91
- Q + Q
92
+Q -Q +Q b1 -Q b1 +Q b2 -Q b2 E1E1 E2E2
93
R1R1 R2R2
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.