1. Web Services: Navigating the Standards Landscape Marc N. Haines CTI Workgroup – Web Services

2. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines2 Web Services Standards The Web Services Standards Landscape XML XML Schema XSLT SOAP WSDL UDDI WS-Security ebXML Messaging WS-Reliability ebXML Registry UBL WS-BPEL IFX ACORD HL7 GJXDM XML Encryption WS-Eventing WS-Adressing Semantic Web RDF OWL/S SOAP-MTOM

3. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines3 Web Services Standards The Web Services Standards Landscape XML XML Schema XSLT SOAP WSDL UDDI WS-Security ebXML Messaging WS-Reliability ebXML Registry UBL WS-BPEL IFX ACORD HL7 GJXDM XML Encryption WS-Eventing WS-Adressing Semantic Web RDF OWL/S SOAP-MTOM XML Foundation

4. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines4 Web Services Standards The Web Services Standards Landscape XML XML Schema XSLT SOAP WSDL UDDI WS-Security ebXML Messaging WS-Reliability ebXML Registry UBL WS-BPEL IFX ACORD HL7 GJXDM XML Encryption WS-Eventing WS-Adressing Semantic Web RDF OWL/S SOAP-MTOM Web Services Core ?

5. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines5 Web Services Standards The Web Services Standards Landscape XML XML Schema XSLT SOAP WSDL UDDI WS-Security ebXML Messaging WS-Reliability ebXML Registry UBL WS-BPEL IFX ACORD HL7 GJXDM XML Encryption WS-Eventing WS-Adressing Semantic Web RDF OWL/S SOAP-MTOM Commercial Web Services

6. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines6 Web Services Standards The Web Services Standards Landscape XML XML Schema XSLT SOAP WSDL UDDI WS-Security ebXML Messaging WS-Reliability ebXML Registry UBL WS-BPEL IFX ACORD HL7 GJXDM XML Encryption WS-Eventing WS-Adressing Semantic Web RDF OWL/S SOAP-MTOM Competing Standards Universes

7. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines7 Web Services Standards The Web Services Standards Landscape XML XML Schema XSLT SOAP WSDL UDDI WS-Security ebXML Messaging WS-Reliability ebXML Registry UBL WS-BPEL IFX ACORD HL7 GJXDM XML Encryption WS-Eventing WS-Adressing Semantic Web RDF OWL/S SOAP-MTOM Vertical Standards

8. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines8 Web Services Standards The Web Services Standards Landscape XML XML Schema XSLT SOAP WSDL UDDI WS-Security ebXML Messaging WS-Reliability ebXML Registry UBL WS-BPEL IFX ACORD HL7 GJXDM XML Encryption WS-Eventing WS-Adressing Semantic Web RDF OWL/S SOAP-MTOM Web Services Nirvana

9. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines9 Web Services Standards Standardization –Players –Process –Standards

10. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines10 The Players Web Services Standards Internet Related Standards e-Business Related Standards ISO UN/CEFACT UN/ITU-T W3C OASIS V V V IEEE WS-I

11. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines11 Web Services Standards Standardization Process –The Players W3C OASIS ISO IEEE UN/CEFACT, UN/ITU-T Vertical standards groups WS-I

12. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines12 Web Services Standards Standardization Process –Different standardization organizations use varying terminology to indicate the status of their work OASISW3C Working Draft Committee Draft Public Review Draft OASIS Standard public internal Public Working Draft Proposed Recommendation Recommendationendorsement Candidate Recommendation implementation Committee Specification

13. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines13 Web Services Standards Standardization Process –The Food Chain Initiator Globalizer Standardizer Idea and First initial draft of a specification Expose draft to larger audience Refine and find common denomiator Provide recommendation (a.k.a. standard) Approves “local” standard and gives it “global” visibility ISO IEEE UN/CEFACT W3C OASIS IT Vendors Research Organizations Individuals

14. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines14 Web Services Standards Standardization Process –The Food Chain Initiator Globalizer Standardizer Microsoft W3C SOAP Various OASIS / UN/CEFACT ebXML ISO (ISO-15000) Jon Bosak, Tim Bray W3C XML ISO ?

15. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines15 Web Services Standards Standardization Process –The Food Chain Initiator Globalizer Standardizer CERN Tim Berners-Lee W3C HTML ISO (ISO-15445) XHTML

16. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines16 Web Services Standards The Standards XML XML Schema XSLT SOAP WSDL UDDI WS-Security ebXML Messaging WS-Reliability ebXML Registry UBL WS-BPEL IFX ACORD HL7 GJXDM XML Encryption WS-Eventing WS-Adressing Semantic Web RDF OWL/S SOAP-MTOM

17. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines17 Web Services Standards XML Foundation –XML Base A language to define other languages –XML-based languages share a common alphabet and a few syntactical base rules but have very different vocabularies Based on SGML –XML Schema –XSL –XML Encryption –…

18. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines18 Web Services Standards XML Foundation –XML Base (XML 1.1, Feb. 2004) –Document Definition XML Schema (XSL 1.0, 1.1 working draft) DTD Relax NG –Document Presentation / Transformation XSL –XSLT (2.0), FO, XPath (2.0) XQuery (1.0) –Security XML Encryption (1.0?, W3C recommendation Dec. 2002)

19. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines19 Web Services Standards Web Services Core –SOAP –WSDL –UDDI Registry UDDI Provider WSDL Consumer SOAP PublishFind Bind

20. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines20 Web Services Standards Web Services Core –SOAP Organization –W3C Status –SOAP 1.2: Recommendation since June 2003 Elements –SOAP Messaging Framework and Adjuncts –XML-binary Optimized Packaging –SOAP Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism –Resource Representation SOAP Header Block »Recommendations since Jan. 2005

21. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines21 Web Services Standards Web Services Core –SOAP SOAP 1.2 is the current W3C “standard” –Changed fault handling –Array serialization –HTTP media type –… –SOAP is no longer “Simple Object Access Protocol” SOAP 1.1 is recommended by the WS-I for interoperabiltiy –Few implementations of SOAP 1.2 in development tools SOAP is no longer “Simple Object Access Protocol”

22. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines22 Web Services Standards Web Services Core –WSDL Organization –W3C Status –WSDL 1.1: Only W3C Note (This is the one right now!) –WSDL 1.2: Working Draft in June 2003, but was never ratified –WSDL 2.0: Working Draft since May 2005 Elements –Core Language –Adjuncts »SOAP and HTTP bindings »Predefined Message Patterns

23. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines23 Web Services Standards Web Services Core –UDDI [Universal Description, Discovery and Integration] Organization –OASIS Status –UDDI v3 is OASIS Standard since February 2005 Elements –All in one specification (3.0.2)

24. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines24 Web Services Standards Web Services Core –UDDI Interestingly listed both under Web Services and but e- Commerce on OASIS Web site! –Along with ebXML and UBL –Business entity is key element in registry –UDDI may be used to discover other interfaces than WSDL Only 22% of all Web services are publicized using UDDI [according to a recent WebServices.org survey] –Most Web services implementations involve only 1-5 services –Web services “power users” (>50 services) do use UDDI to manage and publicize their services

25. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines25 Web Services Standards Commercial Web Services –WS-Security –WS-Reliability –WS-BPEL –WS-Eventing –WS-Adressing –WS-Policy –…

26. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines26 Web Services Standards Commercial Web Services –WS-Security Organization –OASIS Status –WS-Security 1.0: OASIS Standard since March 2004 Elements –Message Security 1.0 »SAML Token Profile (Oasis standard Dec. 2004) »SOAP with Attachments [SwA] (Committee Draft) –UsernameToken Profile 1.0 –X.509 Certificate Token Profile »X.509 is a UN/ITU-T standard for PKI

27. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines27 Web Services Standards Commercial Web Services –WS-Reliability Organization –OASIS (Web Services Reliable Messaging TC) Status –WS-Reliability 1.1: OASIS Standard since Nov. 2004 Elements –WS-Reliable Messaging »The other proposal for reliable messaging »“More commonalities than differences with WS-Reliabilty” »Who wins???

28. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines28 Web Services Standards Commercial Web Services –WS-BPEL [Business Process Execution Language] Organization –OASIS Status –WS-BPEL 2.0: Working Draft since February 2005 »Formerly BPEL4WS 1.1 »Initiative from IBM, SAP, Siebel, BEA, Microsoft

29. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines29 Web Services Standards Commercial Web Services –WS-Eventing Organization –Industry Consortium »IBM, BEA, Computer Associates, Microsoft, Sun Microsystems, TIBCO Software Status –Public draft release Purpose –The WS-Eventing specification defines a baseline set of operations that allow Web services to provide asynchronous notifications to interested parties.

30. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines30 Web Services Standards Commercial Web Services –WS-Addressing Organization –W3C »Submitted by BEA, IBM, Microsoft, SAP and Sun (3/2004) Status –WS-Addressing 1.0: Working Draft since March 2005 Purpose –Web Services Addressing provides transport-neutral mechanisms to address Web services and messages.

31. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines31 Web Services Standards Commercial Web Services –WS-Policy [Web Services Policy Framework] Organization –Industry Consortium »BEA, IBM, Microsoft, SAP Status –WS-Policy 1.1: Initial public draft Purpose –The Web Services Policy Framework (WS-Policy) provides a general purpose model and corresponding syntax to describe and communicate the policies of a Web Service.

32. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines32 Web Services Standards Commercial Web Services –WS-I “The guardian of interoperability” –Does not create any specifications/standards –Picks “mature standards” and assembles them in an profile with some extra rules for interoperability »Basic Profile 1.1 (Final, Aug. 2004) »Simple SOAP Binding Profile (Final, Aug. 2004) »Basic Security Profile 1.0 (Draft, Jan. 2005) –Does not guarantee interoperability, but it’s the best bet! »Provides testing tools for interoperability –Lag behind standards organizations »SOAP 1.1 in current profile, but 1.2 is current W3C recommendation

33. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines33 Web Services Standards Commercial Web Services –WS-I Basic Profile –Messaging: SOAP 1.1 –Description: WSDL 1.1 –Publication and Discovery:UDDI 2.0 –Security:TLS 1.0 / SSL 3.0 Basic Security Profile –Transport Layer TLS 1.0 / SSL 3.0 –SOAP Message SecurityWS-Security 1.0 XML Signature XML Encryption

34. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines34 Web Services Standards Payload / Vertical Standards –Pick your industry … Chemical –CIDX Energy / Oil –POSC Justice –GJXDM, LegalXML Insurance –ACORD Finance –IFX Healthcare –HL7 What about your industry?

35. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines35 Web Services Standards Payload / Vertical Standards –UBL (Universal Business Language) Organization –OASIS Status –UBL 1.0: OASIS Standard Purpose –While industry-specific data formats have the advantage of maximal optimization for their business context, the existence of different formats to accomplish the same purpose in different business domains is attended by a number of significant disadvantages as well. […] The OASIS Universal Business Language (UBL) is intended to help solve these problems by defining a generic XML interchange format for business documents that can be extended to meet the requirements of particular industries.

36. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines36 Web Services Standards Competing Standards Universes –ebXML –RosettaNet –UCCNet

37. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines37 Web Services Standards Competing Standards Universes –ebXML Standard –OASIS & UN/CEFACT (1999)  ISO 15000 (2004) Purpose –“The ebXML initiative was conceived due to the widely held need to enable enterprises of any size and in any geographical location to conduct business electronically in a simple, cheap reliable way.” History –Response to EDI costs –Developed pre-Web services »SOAP still controlled by Microsoft –Adopted in a variety of industries, particularly strong in Asia.

38. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines38 Web Services Standards Competing Standards Universes –ebXML SyntaxXML ebXMLWeb Services XML Messaging Registry Reliability Security Process Payload ebXML-MSG*SOAP UDDIebXML-RIM/RS ebXML-MSG WS-Reliability WS-Security WS-BPELebXML- BP Core Componentsnot specified Interop.ebXML IICWS-I

39. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines39 Web Services Standards Competing Standards Universes –ebXML Dual Transport Support –“Health Level Seven (HL7) recently announced that two Version 3 (V3) transport specifications - Web Services and ebXML - have passed the ballot stage and have been approved as Draft Standards for Trial Use (DSTUs).” (Ann Arbor, Mich. -- April 27, 2004 -- Health Level Seven, Inc.) –Same for other industries (AIAG etc.) Multiple Registries –UDDI and ebXML Registries Convergence/Overlap of ebXML and Web Services? –ebXML can leverage SOAP

40. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines40 Web Services Standards Web Services Utopia –Semantic Web The goal of the Semantic Web is to develop enabling standards and technologies designed to help machines understand more information on the Web so that they can support richer discovery, data integration, navigation, and automation of tasks. […] (Berners-Lee, 2001)

41. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines41 Web Services Standards Web Services Utopia –Semantic Web Many proposed WSDL/UDDI extensions/alternatives –e.g. DAML [DARPA Agent Markup Language] OWL-S [Web Ontology Language for Services] –Semantic Markup for Web Services –OWL is a W3C recommendation (Feb. 2004) RDF [Resource Description Framework] –RDF/XML is a W3C recommendation (Feb. 2004)

42. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines42 Web Services Standards Standardization –Resources Standardization Organizations –www.w3c.orgwww.w3c.org –www.oasis-open.orgwww.oasis-open.org –www.ws-i.orgwww.ws-i.org –http://www.unece.org/cefact/http://www.unece.org/cefact/ Other –www.ebxml.orgwww.ebxml.org –http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ –www.marchaines.com/standardswww.marchaines.com/standards

43. 19-May-2005© Marc Haines43 Web Services Standards Questions –Which are the important standards for you? –How much should you care about standards development/maturity? –…