1. T h e A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f R o m e HST 201 - Survey of Western Civilization I Session 15 Polities of the Early Middle Ages A review The High Middle Ages Its features

2. 800 500 1000 1400 Biz E 1918 1200 Justinian Constantinople falls Trebizond Art in mosaics & its Religious and political importance, Italy, Balkans, Middle East

3. 800 500 1000 1400 Biz E I 1918 1200 Justinian Constantinople falls Trebizond sunni/shia schism expansion, coexistence & multi-religious society. Jihad? fundamentalism CORDOBA Cultural hub fundamentalism Aristotelian philosophy translated from G into A, and then into L Ottoman Empire Islamic art? Influence: Palermo

4. 800 500 1000 1400 Biz E I Carolingian 1918 1200 Justinian Constantinople falls Trebizond sunni/shia schism expansion, coexistence & multi-religious society fundamentalism CORDOBA Cultural hub fundamentalism CH Property system in a land of Roman and barbarians Short lived but not collapse TRADETRADE Shaping new countries Ottoman Empire F G vs monasteries Feudalism & Cities Parallel worlds?

7. The Indian Ocean in Eurasian and African World-Systems before the Sixteenth Century, Philippe Beaujard, Journal of World History, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2005 7 th -9 th c.

9. Feudalism > Political system? Centralized? Decentralized? > Confrontation Monarchy vs. Nobility? (with their different aims and powers) > Power relations? Allegiance & contract > Property system? Special land-tenure system? > European system, of war-driven societies? > Feudal state: much institutional and political instability

10. In Europe: political systems of the Middle Ages > Society moved from a world of tribes and chiefdoms - in which rights of property were mainly defined through membership of a kin-group - to a society in which lordship over all land and men was increasingly assumed by state rulers. > A situation typical in an “intermediate” period and normal among the barbarian tribes that were settling the old lands of the Roman empire, where “Roman” peoples where still cultivating and owing the lands. > The so-called feudal state of the Middle Ages was an institution that represented a limited territorialization of power, wherein a king's ability to govern and rule his kingdom depended to a large extent on the cooperation of his vassals (p. 65, Elias 1982, 16-17).

11. Elias (1982, 16-17), the feudal state or kingdom was characterized by an inherent social and spatial tension. With only a rudimentary administrative structure available to govern their kingdom, the rulers of medieval states were dependent upon the personal relationships that existed between a king and his vassals in order to exert any jurisdiction over the vast majority of their territories. In effect, such control was largely derived from the social bond between two individuals rather than being based upon an objective and absolute ordering of space and territory. (p. 66) There is no more striking a demonstration of this process than the dramatic collapse of the Frankish kingdom in the early Middle Ages, when the extended kingdom of Charlemagne disintegrated into a 'mosaic of autonomous duchies and principalities‘. (p.66)

12. From Craft specialization, the reorganization of production relations and state formation. Thomas C. Patterson. 2005. Journal of Social Archaeology 5, 307. During the transition from feudalism to capitalism, feudal lords – who, in practice if not in theory, supported the ideal of a self-sufficient natural economy – were pitted against serfs, peasants and artisans, on the one hand, and merchant capitalists who sought increasing control of local and regional markets, on the other. Marx (1863–7/1977: 877–95) outlined the dialectics of class struggle in England during the transition. The serfs succeeded in breaking the bonds of servitude by the end of the fourteenth century, becoming a class of free peasant proprietors. The lesser feudal lords no longer able to appropriate goods and services from their former serfs dissolved by the end of (continues…)

13. > St Paul’s Missionary Journeys: Conflicts and Politics Gentiles vs. Jewish > The Creation of the Church of England: Religion under Political Control > Machiavelli & Italian Prince > Cordoba, Cultural Hub of Europe. Maimonides and Co. > The Aryan Controversy in the Art and Architecture in Ravenna > The Importance of Relics in the Middle Ages: Relics as Political Power in Saint Louis' Kingdom (vs The Role of Relics in the History of Christianity) > How did the Medici used art to promote themselves > Culture and politics in Renaissance in Italy > David > Ottoman Empire in the Balkans: Politics and Religion of the Bosnian Population

14. > Socrates and Jesus: Politics and Goverments against Thinkers > Jewish and Islamic Religions: Commonalities in Monotheits Semitic Societies > Evolution of the Serbian Medieval State > Crusades, East & West Prespectives > Leslie > Medieval Infrastructure & Black Death > The Multicultural Society of Frederick II in Southern Italy: Arabs in a Christian Kingdom > The Role of Medieval Libraries: Keeping Knoweledge Alive > Alexandrias Everywhere: Urban Imprinting of Greekness in the East Charlemagne and the Legacy of carolingians: the division > Describing the Roman Empire their successes and failures and compare it with an Empire of our era (USA) > Venice and the 4th Crusade: Commerce and Conquest > Tax System & Publicani in the Augustan Era

15. Library research for paper http://www.galileo.aur.it/cgi-bin/koha/opac-main.pl 2. URBS database: local Roman books http://www.reteurbs.org/search/ http://www.reteurbs.org/search/ 3. CSI database: list of electronic resources / Restricted http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/eresource/alphalist.php

16. 4. SIU database: journals and periodicals / Restricted http://ux7xn7gd4e.search.serialssolutions.com/ Journal of Roman Studies 5. Google Books / Open but limited… have to be lucky to have the right pages open Search reconstruction+heritagereconstruction+heritage Search middle+ages+plaguemiddle+ages+plague