1. LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 14: 10/13

2. Administrivia homework 3 –out today –due next Thursday –submit by email –in my inbox by midnight –please attempt it early

3. Last Time using extra arguments to hold linguistic features case study –how to implement the passive construction syntax of passives verb inflection: –constraint between auxiliary and main verbs: was eaten/*ate –(passive) be V-en –feature: Inflected Form (root,s,ed,en) optional by-phrase –adjunction VP →VP PP subject-verb agreement –feature: Number s aux vp v np detn the ball hit was vppp p np byme s aux vp v np detn the ball hit was s aux vp v np detn the ball balls hit was were

4. Today goal is to give you practice implementing new parses and constraints

5. Assume Grammar at the end of Lecture 13 modified –with ternary branching for the optional by-phrase –VP → aux NP PP –eliminates left-recursion problem with the binary branching rule –VP → VP PP typo corrected –(Monday 17th) 1.s(s(Y,Z)) --> np(Y,Number), vp(Z,Number). 2.np(np(Y),_) --> pronoun(Y). 3.np(np(D,N),Number) --> det(D,Number), common_noun(N,Number). 4.det(det(the),_) --> [the]. 5.det(det(a),sg) --> [a]. 6.common_noun(n(ball),sg) --> [ball]. 7.common_noun(n(balls),pl) --> [balls]. 8.common_noun(n(man),sg) --> [man]. 9.common_noun(n(men),pl) --> [men]. 10.pronoun(i) --> [i]. 11.pronoun(we) --> [we]. 12.pronoun(me) --> [me]. 13.pp(pp(P,NP)) --> preposition(P), np(NP,_). 14.preposition(p(by)) --> [by]. 15.vp(vp(A,V),Number) --> aux(A,Number), transitive(V,en). 16.vp(vp(A,V,PP),_) --> aux(A,_), transitive(V,en), pp(PP). 17.vp(vp(Y),_) --> unergative(Y). 18.vp(vp(Y,Z),_) --> transitive(Y,_), np(Z,_). 19.unergative(v(ran)) --> [ran]. 20.transitive(v(hit),_) --> [hit]. 21.transitive(v(eat),root) --> [eat]. 22.transitive(v(eats),s) --> [eats]. 23.transitive(v(ate),ed) --> [ate]. 24.transitive(v(eaten),en) --> [eaten]. 25.aux(aux(was),sg) --> [was]. 26.aux(aux(were),pl) --> [were].

6. Question 1 there is a Case Constraint on pronouns examples –I hit the ball(active with subject pronoun) –*me hit the ball –the ball hit me(active with object pronoun) –*the ball hit I –the ball was hit(passive) –I was hit –*me was hit –the ball was hit by me(passive + subject in by-phrase) –*the ball was hit by I (8pts) modify the grammar to handle the examples above –give the grammar rules –show the parses for the grammatical cases –show the parser rejects the ungrammatical cases

7. Question 2 other verbal morphology constraints progressive be takes -ing –rule: (progressive) be V-ing –examples I was eating dinner *I was ate dinner progressive + passive –rule: (progressive) be be-ing V+en –examples dinner was being eaten (progressive passive) *dinner was been eating(*passive progressive) (6pts) modify the grammar to handle the examples above –give the grammar rules –show the parses for the grammatical cases –show the parser rejects the ungrammatical cases –note: need to add the rule for noun “dinner” s aux vp np n was dinner aux vp being v eaten

8. Question 3 new constructions double objects –John gave [ NP Mary] [ NP a book] –*John gave [ NP a book][ NP Mary] –John gave [ NP a book] [ PP to Mary] –*John donated [ NP Mary] [ NP a book] –*John donated [ NP a book][ NP Mary] –John donated [ NP a book] [ PP to Mary] (6pts) modify the grammar to handle give and donate –give the grammar rules –show the parses for the grammatical cases –show the parser rejects the ungrammatical case –hint: use ternary branching for the verb plus two objects s v vp np john gavemary np detn booka

9. Question 4 passivization and double objects –only one of the objects can be passivized a book was given to Mary a book was given to Mary by John *Mary was given a book to *a book was given Mary Mary was given a book (6pts) modify the grammar to handle the passivization of give –give the grammar rules –show the parses for the grammatical cases –show the parser rejects the ungrammatical cases book s v vp np mary given np detn a aux vp was

10. Summary Question 1: Case constraint on pronouns (8pts) Question 2: progressive be morphological constraint (6pts) Question 3: double object constructions for give and donate (6pts) Question 4: passivization and give (6pts) Total: 26 pts