1. Return to Morphology

7. Ageing and planning The ageing of the western world Australian ageing statistics Aged care and housing Uncertain futures

9. Ageing and planning The ability of elderly persons to adapt and thrive is contingent upon their physical health, personality, earlier life experiences and the societal support they receive in the way of adequate finances, shelter, medical care, social roles and vocation. These critical latter forces of societal support depend not only on older people themselves but on the rest of society committing resources to this end … The demographic changes of the next two decades will place more pressure on society for this commitment than has been the case at any time in our history, and it represents a most significant challenge (Hugo 1986, 187).

10. Ageing and planning Statistics –1950 200 million + –1980 375 million –2000 est. 590 million –2025 est. 1.1 billion (224% increase over 1975) –aging in LDCs in new millennium: likely to increase by 77% in first 50 years of 21C compared 30% in MDCs –in Australia population aged 60+ is rising at 2.5% per annum whereas total population rising by only 1.5% per annum –proportions 60-64 up 49.1% 65-69 up 35.4% 80-84 up 18.9% 85+ up 35.6%

11. Ageing and planning –most of the old old are women and of these, 60% live alone –only 29% of men in the 75+ bracket are in the same position –women outnumber men 2:1 in the 60-65 age bracket, and 3.25:1 in the 85+ bracket –young dependency ratio (c. 32/100) will remain higher than aged dependency ratio (c.18/100) –as many as 40% of elderly people will become disabled and with due to low fixed incomes as many as 75% vulnerable to homelessness or shift to aged care (issue of standards of care) –spatial dimensions sunbelt developments - aged populations may double

12. Race and multiculturalism Identity Difference Politics of representation Hegemony and resistance

13. Socially constructed Creating a social imaginary and imaginary communities The challenges of racism and xenophobia Racism a universal response to –The construction of sameness and difference –Processes of colonization and colonialism Racial inequality is deeply linked to the development of cities and regions. How? Why?

14. –Pluralistic harmony –Identity seen as the assemblage of customs, practices, meanings, an enduring heritage and set of shared traits and experiences –Severely problematic because it focuses on superficial expressions of culture –Measures difference from English culture OUTRAGED: A woman confronts a police officer in New York. She is protesting the fatal police shooting last month of a black immigrant. (SUZANNE PLUNKETT/AP)

15. Australian examples Redfern Ashfield Port Adelaide Box Hill Lakemba

17. ... and planning (As a negotiated act among politicians, planners and related professionals, developers …) Planning both affects and gives effect to: –distribution, –dispersion, –dissimilarity, –segregation, and –the constitution of difference and status