1. Chapter 1 Physical Fitness & Wellness
Outline:
Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
Leading Health Problems in the U.S.
Physical Activity & Exercise Defined
2007 ACSM/AHA Physical Activity & Public Health Recommendations
Federal Guidelines for Physical Activity
Wellness
The 7 Dimensions of Wellness
Wellness, Fitness, & Longevity
Types of Physical Fitness
Fitness Standards: Health vs. Physical Fitness
Which Program Is Best?
Benefits of a Comprehensive Wellness Program
The Wellness Challenge for Our Day
National Health Objectives for 2010
Wellness Education: Using this Book
Exercise Safety
Assessment of Resting Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
Chapter 1 Physical Fitness & Wellness

2. Physical Fitness & Wellness
Technology has almost completely eliminated the need for physical exertion in daily life as most activities can be accomplished by machines

3. Physical Fitness & Wellness
Research findings in the last three decades have shown that physical inactivity and negative lifestyle habits increase the risk for chronic diseases and premature mortality
Physical inactivity is the second greatest threat to public health in the U.S. and has been termed SeDs or “Sedentary Death Syndrome”

4. Life Expectancy Beginning of the 20th century Mid-to-late 20th century
Life expectancy was 47 years
Major life threats were infectious diseases: tuberculosis, diphtheria, influenza, polio, etc.
Mid-to-late 20th century
Infectious diseases eliminated with medical breakthroughs
Life expectancy increased but living the so-called “good life” encouraged chronic diseases: hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, cancer, etc.

5. Causes of death in the United States for selected years
Physical inactivity and poor lifestyle habits have caused an increase in the incidence of chronic diseases

6. Factors that determine our health and longevity
Three basic factors determine health and longevity: Genetics, the environment, and behavior

7. Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life Expectancy
2007 data indicate average life expectancy in the U.S. is 75.2 years for men and 80.4 years for women
Healthy life expectancy is defined as the years of illness subtracted from total life expectancy
The World Health Organization (WHO) calculated in 2000 that the healthy life expectancy of the U.S. was ranked 24th in the world

8. Healthy life expectancy for selected countries

9. Leading Health Problems in the United States
Leading causes of death are mostly lifestyle related
Seven of ten Americans die of preventable chronic disease
Leading causes of death are heart disease, cancer, respiratory disease, and accidents

10. Leading causes of death in the U.S. in 2003

11. Underlying causes of death in the U.S., 2000
The “big three” causes of death in the U.S.—tobacco use, poor diet and inactivity, and alcohol abuse—are responsible for about 632,000 deaths each year

12. Lifestyle as a Health Problem
Over half of disease is lifestyle related
A fifth is attributed to the environment
One tenth is influenced by the health care an individual receives
Only 16% is related to genetic factors
The individual controls as much as 84% of vulnerability to disease and quality of life
83% of deaths before age 65 are preventable

13. Factors that affect health and well-being

14. Physical Activity & Exercise Defined
Physical activity: Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles; requires expenditure of energy and produces progressive health benefits
Exercise: A type of physical activity that requires planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement with the intent of improving or maintaining one or more components of physical fitness

15. An active lifestyle increases health, quality of life, and longevity

16. Importance of Increased Physical Activity
Poor health from lack of physical activity is a serious public health problem
Regular moderate physical activity provides many benefits for most inactive people
Benefits include:
reducing risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure
improving health of muscles, bones, joints
improving mood
improving daily tasks
controlling health care costs
maintaining high quality of life

17. Prevalence of recommended physical activity in the U.S., 2003

18. Monitoring Daily Physical Activity
A pedometer is a small mechanical device that senses vertical body motion and counts foot steps. Wearing a pedometer daily allows you to determine the total steps you take.
Pedometers are used to monitor daily physical activity; the recommendation is a minimum of 10,000 steps per day

20. Wellness
Wellness: The constant and deliberate effort to stay healthy and achieve the highest potential for well-being; it integrates seven dimensions

21. The Dimensions of Wellness

22. The Seven Dimensions of Wellness
Physical wellness: Good physical fitness and confidence in one’s personal ability to take care of health problems
Emotional wellness: The ability to understand one’s own feelings, accept limitations, and achieve emotional stability
Mental wellness: A state in which one’s mind is engaged in lively interaction with the surrounding world; also called intellectual wellness
Social wellness: The ability to relate well to others, both within and outside the family unit

23. The Seven Dimensions of Wellness
Environmental wellness: The capability to live in a clean and safe environment that is not detrimental to health
Occupational wellness: The ability to perform one’s job skillfully and effectively under conditions that provide personal and team satisfaction and adequately reward each individual
Spiritual wellness: The sense that life is meaningful, that life has purpose, and that some power brings all humanity together; the ethics, values, and morals that guide one and give meaning and direction to life

24. Types of Physical Fitness
Physical fitness: The ability to meet the ordinary as well as the unusual demands of daily life safely and effectively without being overly fatigued and still have energy left for leisure and recreational activities
Health-related fitness: Fitness programs that are prescribed to improve the overall health of the individual; encompasses cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, muscular flexibility, and body composition

25. Health-related components of physical fitness

26. Motor skill-related components of physical fitness
Skill-related fitness: Fitness components important for success in skillful activities and athletic events; encompasses agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed

27. Components of physiologic fitness
Physiological fitness: Term used in the medical field to mean biological systems affected by physical activity and the role of activity in preventing disease
Components are metabolic fitness, morphological fitness, and bone integrity

28. Fitness Standards: Health vs. Physical Fitness
Health fitness standard
Minimum fitness values required for disease prevention and health
Attaining the health fitness standard requires only moderate physical activity like a 2-mile walk in less than 30 minutes 5-6 times per week
Benefits include reduced cholesterol and blood pressure, weight loss, stress release, lower risk for diabetes, disease, and early death

29. Health & fitness benefits based on the type of lifestyle and physical activity program

30. Physical Fitness Standard
Individuals who wish to participate in vigorous fitness activities should train to achieve the high physical fitness standard.

31. Health Benefits Relieves tension and stress
Raises energy levels and job productivity
Encourages positive lifestyle habits
Promotes psychological wellness
Helps maintain independent living
Extends longevity and slows down the aging process
Improves quality of life

32. U.S. health care cost increments since 1950
Sedentary living strongly impacts a nation’s economy
Health care costs in the U.S. rose from $12 billion in 1950 to over $2 trillion in 2006

33. Economic Benefits
U.S. spends more on yearly health care per person than any other industrialized nation
Yet U.S. health care ranks 37th in the world
One reason for low ranking is overemphasis on state-of-the art cures instead of prevention programs
95% health care dollars spent on treatment and less than 5% spent on prevention
More than 44 million residents do not have health insurance

34. Selected health objectives for the year 2010