1. Analog Circuit Design 2006 Submit : Rony Levin Email : levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il Course: Analog Circuit Design Number: 361-2-5221 Lecturer : Prof. Sam Ben-Yaakov אוניברסיטת בן - גוריון בנגב הפקולטה למדעי ההנדסה המחלקה להנדסת חשמל ומחשבים Emulation of Power Passive Elements

2. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 2 ] Emulation Outline 1.Definition of the Terms 2.Miller Model 3.Class D Amplifier 4.“ Soft ” PWM Simulation 5.DC Supply – Overview of Rectifiers 6.Simulations Results 7.Applications 8.Conclusion

3. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 3 ] Emulation Definition of Emulation When one system performs in exactly the same way as another

4. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 4 ] Emulation Emulation : Miller Model

5. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 5 ] Emulation Class D Amplifier

6. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 6 ] Emulation Algorithm doesn’t handle with discontinuous function. Why? Tolerance less than 2 is inaccessible : Δy=2 is a constant Sign(0) is undefined Convergence Problem

7. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 7 ] Emulation To find continuous differentiable and invertible function that behaves as sign (logic “ if ” function(. Proposed function : Convergence Problem Proposed Solution

8. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 8 ] Emulation Convergence Problem Proposed Solution Increasing the slope Offset can be added

9. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 9 ] Emulation Saw-tooth Wave Vpulse Source

10. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 10 ] Emulation “Soft” PWM Simulation SW – Saw-tooth Wave Ref – Reference Voltage

11. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 11 ] Emulation Experimental Circuit DC Supply

12. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 12 ] Emulation Equivalent Capacitor

13. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 13 ] Emulation Simulation Results : Av=1.5, f=1k Ideal DC Supply

14. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 14 ] Emulation DC Voltage Supply Rectifier with Transformer Isolation

15. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 15 ] Emulation DC Voltage Supply Voltage-Doubler Rectifier

16. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 16 ] Emulation Voltage-Doubler Rectifier Negative Half CyclePositive Half Cycle Current flows if

17. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 17 ] Emulation Experimental Circuit Self Supply

18. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 18 ] Emulation Self Supply PSpice Model

19. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 19 ] Emulation Simulation Results : Av=1.5, f=1k

20. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 20 ] Emulation Simulation Results : Av=1.5, f=1k Rectifier Current Spikes

21. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 21 ] Emulation Simulation Results : Av=1.5, f=500 Rectifier Current Spikes

22. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 22 ] Emulation Simulation Results : Av=1.5, f=10k Rectifier Current Spikes

23. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 23 ] Emulation DC Voltage Supply Rectifier with Transformer Isolation

24. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 24 ] Emulation Simulation Results : Av=1.5, f=1k Voltage-Doubler Rectifier Rectifier with Transformer Isolation PSim Simulation

25. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 25 ] Emulation Input Voltage Step Response 230 V rms to 460 V rms

26. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 26 ] Emulation Power Dissipation Reactive Power Measured Energy Loss

27. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 27 ] Emulation Applications Compensator Gyrator Real Time High Power Variable Capacitor in Parametric Resonance Circuit

28. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 28 ] Emulation Summary It can be seen that current has two current spikes in a period The reason of the current spikes is topology of the voltage – doubler rectifier The problem can be solved either improving the current topology or using another, more appropriated topology.

29. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 29 ] Emulation Reference D.C. Hamill, M.T. Bina, The Bootstrap Variable Inductance and its Applications in AC Power Systems, Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1999. APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual, Volume 2, 14-18 March 1999 Page(s) : 896 - 902 vol.2

30. Analog Circuit Design 2006 levinbr@ee.bgu.ac.il [ 30 ] Emulation