1. The visual system IV The visual cortices

2. The primary visual pathway From perret-optic.ch

4. Primary vision

5. Structure of the primary visual cortex- The headquartes

6. Information flow 2/3 1 4b 4a 4cα 5 4cβ 6 P M Higher areas Intra V1 Superior colliculus, pulvinar, pons LGN, thalamic interneurons

7. Visual columns- RFs and orientations 200 μm

9. Orientation map

11. How does orientation selectivity arise? Ferster et al. (1996), Reid & Alonso (1996)

12. Receptive fields in different cortical layers Layers IV and VI Simple cells Layers II and III Complex cells

13. Are complex cells more complex, or just more active? Adapted from Kandel et al. (2000) Complex cell!

14. Are complex cells more complex, or just more active? Crowder et al. (2007)

15. Higher visual areas: The Where and What Magnocellular! Parvocellular!

16. Higher visual areas: Inferotemporal cortex Fusiform face area

17. Halle Berry Cells Halle Berry

18. Contour perception is fed back to V1 Lamme (1995)

19. Higher visual areas: The Where and What Magnocellular! Parvocellular!

20. Motion perception is fed back to V1 Muckli et al. (2005)

21. Summary IV – The visual cortex… continues the segregation in magno- and parvocellular pathway as the Where and What pathway is segregated into six layers, all of which fulfill different tasks in coordinating activity from the thalamus, other cortical areas and the brain stem is organized in response preference columns, according to ocular dominance, stimulus orientation, contrast, length etc. contains neurons with simple and complex responses is in constant feedback-feedforward loops with the Where and the What pathways