2. Distribution of Body Solids & Fluids

3. Fluid Exchange Processes in our body: Filtration Reabsorption Diffusion Osmosis

4. General barriers that separate intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and blood plasma: 1.Plasma membrane 2.Blood vessel walls

5. Fluid Homeostasis Fluid Balance 1.Water 2.Electrolytes

6. Fluid Homeostasis Regulate by: 1.Hypothalamus 2.Posterior pituitary (ADH) 3.Adrenal cortex 4.Kidney tubules

7. Sources of Body Water Gain & Loss

8. Dehydration

9. Hormonal Regulation of Na + & Cl - Reabsorption

10. Series of events in water intoxication

11. Electrolytes sodium (Na + ) potassium (K + ) chloride (Cl - ) calcium (Ca 2+ ) magnesium (Mg 2+ ) bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) phosphate (PO 4 2- ) sulfate (SO 4 2- )

12. Electrolyte and protein anion concentrations in plasma, interstitial fluid, & intercellular fluid

13. Electrolytes Hype??? water, sucrose syrup, glucose- fructose syrup, citric acid, natural and artificial flavors, salt, sodium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, ester gum, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, red 40, blue 1 Per 8 fl oz Total fat 0g Sodium 110mg Potassium 30mg Total carbs 14g Sugars 14g Calories 50 water, dextrose, potassium citrate, sodium chloride and sodium citrate. Nonmedicinal ingredients: FD&C Blue #1 and Red #40 (grape flavor) and FD&C Red #40 (bubblegum flavor). Per 8 fl oz Sodium 10.6 mg Potassium 4.7mg Chloride 8.3 mg Dextrose 5.9g Calories 24

14. Acid-Base Balance Removal of H + 1.Buffer systems 2.Exhalation of carbon dioxide 3.Kidney excretion of H +

15. Protein Buffering System NH 2 C COOH H R NH 2 C COO - + H + H R NH 2 C COOH + H + H R NH 3 + C COOH H R

16. CO 2 + H 2 O ↔ H 2 CO 3 ↔ HCO 3 - + H + ↔ CO 3 2- + 2H + By-product of respiration carbonic acid bicarbonate carbonate The addition of CO 2 makes blood acidic

17. Blood too basic: H 2 CO 3 HCO 3 - + H + pH drops Blood too acidic: HCO 3 - + H + H 2 CO 3 pH rises Blood ave. pH = 7.4 Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffering System

18. Phosphate Buffering System too basic: OH - + H 2 PO 4 -  H 2 O + HPO 4 2- too acidic: H + + HPO 4 2-  H 2 PO 4 -

19. Exhalation of CO 2

22. Negative feedback regulation of blood pH by the respiratory system Exhalation of CO 2

23. Kidney Excretion of H +

24. Secretion of H + by intercalated cells in the collecting duct