1. ICESTAR program in Japan during IPY2007-2008 1 Akira Kadokura, 1 Natsuo Sato, 1 Takehiko Aso, 1 Hisao Yamagishi, 1 Hiroshi Miyaoka, 1 Makoto Taguchi, 1 Masaki Tsutsumi, 1 Yasunobu Ogawa, 1 Akira-S Yukimatsu, 1 Masaki Okada, 1 Yoshihiro Tomikawa, 1 SatokoTakasaki, 2 Yusuke Ebihara, 3 Keisuke Hosokawa, and 4 Kaoru Sato 1 National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan 2 Nagoya University 3 University of Electro-Communications 4 University of Tokyo, Japan

2. ICESTAR / IHY ICESTAR: Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research IHY: International Heliophysical Year Presented as Expression of Intent (EoI) for IPY2007-2008. Merged into ICESTAR/IHY as one of the core projects. Title of activity : ICESTAR/IHY - Interhemispheric Conjugacy in Geospace Phenomena and their Heliospheric Drivers ICESTAR co-chairs: Kirsti Kauristie (FMI) Allan Weatherwax (Siena College)

3. Four Thematic Action Groups of ICESTAR A. Quantify and understand the similarities and differences between the Northern and Southern polar upper atmospheres. Contact : Martin Fullekrug (University of Bath, U.K.) B. Quantify the effects on the polar ionosphere and atmosphere of the magnetospheric electromagnetic fields and plasma populations. Contact : Eftyhia Zesta (UCLA, USA) C. Quantify the atmospheric consequences of the global electric circuit and further understand the electric circuit in the middle atmosphere. Contact : Scott Palo (University of Colorado, USA), Nikolai stgaard (University of Bergen, Norway) C. Quantify the atmospheric consequences of the global electric circuit and further understand the electric circuit in the middle atmosphere. Contact : Scott Palo (University of Colorado, USA), Nikolai Østgaard (University of Bergen, Norway) D. Create a data portal that will integrate all of the polar data sets and modeling results. Contact : Aaron Ridley (University of Michigan, USA), Allan Weatherwax (Siena College)

4. EoI #422 Interhemispheric study on conjugacy and non- conjugacy of auroral and polar ionospheric disturbances using ground-based observation network Interhemispheric Study on Auroral Phenomena Lead contact : Akira Kadokura (NIPR) (kadokura@nipr.ac.jp) EoI (Expression of Intent) from NIPR for the ICESTAR/IHY

5. EoI #422  To maintain and intensify the conjugate observation network in both hemispheres ・ Syowa – Iceland conjugate pair ・ Unmanned magnetometer network in Antarctica ・ SuperDARN HF-radar network ・ Imaging Riometer network ・ South Pole – Canada pair, Zhongshan – Svalbard pair  To contribute to the international Data portal, Virtual observatory project with supplying our data in near- real time

6. EoI #550 Coordinated radar studies of the Arctic and Antarctic middle and upper atmosphere during IPY-4 period (CRSAAMU) Lead contact : Takehiko Aso (NIPR) (t-aso@nipr.ac.jp) To do coordinated studies using MF radar, Meteo radar, EISCAT radar, etc.

7. EoI #355 Program of the ANtarctic SYowa MST (Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere) / IS (Incoherent Scatter) radar (PANSY) Lead contact : Kaoru Sato (Univ. Tokyo) (kaoru@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp) To do feasibility studies for the MST/IS radar (PANSY) at Syowa Station

8. Conjugate pair relating with our EoI #422 Geomagnetic mapping

9. Conjugate Observation at Syowa and Iceland

10. Conjugate point of Syowa Station in Iceland (IGRF) Aedey Husafell SYO 1984 SYO 2007 Tjornes

11. Conjugate point of Iceland in the Antarctic (IGRF) TJR 2007 HUS 1984 AED 1984 AED 2007 TJR 1984 HUS 2007 Syowa

12. SYOHUSTJRAED Fluxgate magnetometer ○○○○ Induction magnetometer ○○○○ Riometer ○○○○ VLF receiver ○○○○ Imaging Riometer ○○○ All-sky TV camera (night-viewer) ○○○ All-sky monochromatic Imager ○○ Meridian Scanning Photometer ○ Fabry-Perot Imager ○ SuperDARN radar ○ △ MF-radar ○ Ionosonde (NiCT) ○ VHF Doppler radar (NiCT) ○ FM/CW radar (NiCT) ○ Instruments at conjugate stations

13. Flow of the Syowa - Iceland conjugate data NIPR by air after 1 month ADSL by ship after 1 year INTELSAT 1 Mbps Monitoring data, IRIO, All-sky TV All-sky CCD imager All the data Monitoring data, IRIO, HF, MF, ATV (webcamera) SYOWA ICELAND

14. Syowa-Iceland Auroral Conjugate Observation  Starting from 1984 (22 year history)  Executed every year in the equinox season, mainly in September, for about 2 weeks  Simultaneous darkness for about 4 hours  Only 2 ～ 3 nights of simultaneous observation in one season, mainly due to weather condition  Good conjugate event is rare

15. TJR SYW TJR SYW MN S W E N MS W E September 26, 2003 event : The best conjugate event in the 22 year history Observed with All-sky TV

16. For more quantitative longer period observation Well-calibrated monochromatic imager Fish-eye lens 16mm F2.8 Relay lens Interference filter (λ ＝ 557.7nm,FWHM ～ 2nm) F1 L3 L1 L2 Imaging lens 50mm F1.2 CCD camera C4488-37 512×512 Pixels ( 1pixel ~ 24μm ) 16Bit CCD camera controller PC

17. Thermostat×2,S ensor×2 optics CCD camera controller Automatic moon mask Stage controller Fan Thermometer Heater Cable hole Put in a temperature controlled box

18. CAI ( Installed at Husafell in 2005 CAI (Conjugate Auroral Imager) Installed at Husafell in 2005 9 Filter : 557.7 nm or 4278 nm Exposure time : 1 sec Interval : 6 sec Observation time : Solar Zenith Angle > 99° Operation : Automatic and Remote all through the season all through the season by M. Taguchi

19. Now we can obtain auroral data at conjugate stations all through the year 3 8 10 2 4 Iceland Syowa Conjugate month

20. Develop the unmanned magnetometer network

21. Mizuho Dome Fuji Syowa Yamato Mt. JARE-44 (2002-2004) BAS-LPM Skallen [69°40′24″S, 39°24′07″E] Cape Omega [68°34′39.4″S, 41°04′54.1″E] H100 [69 ° 17'44"S, 41 ° 19'15"E] Dome Fuji [ 77°19'01"S, 39°42'12"E ] H100 JARE-46 (2004-2006) NIPR-LPM S16 [ 69 ゜ 01 ’ 80 “ S, 40 ゜ 03 ‘ 65 “ E] JARE-45 (2003-2005) BAS-LPM H100 [69°17'44"S, 41°19'15"E] Mizuho [70°42‘7.7"S, 44°17‘4.1"E] Middle Point [74°00’37.0"S, 42°59’30.4"E] Dome Fuji [77°19'01.6"S, 39°42’31.7"E] JARE-48 (2006-2008) NIPR-LPM Skallen [69°40′24″S, 39°24′07″E] H57 [69°09‘38"S, 40°58‘52"E] MD364 Unmanned magnetometers in JARE SerRondane NIPR-LPM in IPY

22. Comparison of BAS and NIPR type LPMs BAS-LPMNIPR-LPM MagnetometerMAG-03MC Resolution16 bit Noise level1 nT0.2 nT Low Pass Filter100 Hz15 Hz Power consumption (1 sec sampling) 0.42 W0.16 W Data acquisitionFlash memory card Iridium satellite Flash memory card Command sending × ○

23. NIPR -LPM Iridium satellite Transmit time (1 sec sampling) : about 20 min for 1 day data Field NIPR

24. NIPR-LPM http://polaris.nipr.ac.jp/~uap-mon/NIPR_LPM.html

25. BAS-LPM and All-sky TV in 2003 Middle scale evolution Dome Fuji Syowa

26. BAS-LPM and All-sky TV in 2003 : Small scale evolution

27. HF-radar network in the both hemisphere （ SuperDARN ）

28. Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) observed by SuperDARN Morphological features Morphological features Strong radar backscatter Strong radar backscatter Altitude : around 86km Altitude : around 86km In summer polar region In summer polar region Low Doppler velocity and narrow width Low Doppler velocity and narrow width

29. Conjugate study of the PMSE by SuperDARN Hosokawa et al., GRL, 2005

30. Observation of the Pulsating aurora by the SuperDARN radar

31. 0310 – 0314 UT beam 7 aligned Doppler velocity (2-sec values) Radar velocity vs H-component Observation of the Pulsating aurora by the SuperDARN radar

32. All-Sky Imager at South Pole Syowa-South Sanae Halley Bay FOV of All-Sky Imager at South Pole at 120 km

33. Conjugate Observation between South Pole and Iqaluit (planned) Iqaluit (Canada) field line South Pole  Project team : Y. Ebihara, N. Sato, et al. (NIPR, Japan) A.T. Weatherwax (Siena College, USA) P.T. Jayachandran (Univ. of New Brunswick, Canada)

34. Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS Radar （ PANSY) Mesosphere, Stratosphere and Troposphere / Incoherent Scatter Radar K Sato, M Tsutsumi, T Sato, A Saito, Y Tomikawa,K Nishimura,T Aso, T Yamanouchi, M Ejiri PANSY is derived from the French word, ’pensee’, meaning ‘thought’

35. Specifications of PANSY SystemPulse Doppler radar. Active phased array system Center freq. ～ 50MH ｚ AntennaA quasi-circular array consisting of about 1000 crossed Yagi antennas. Diameter about 160m TransmitterAbout 1000 solid-state TR modules Peak Power : 500kW ReceiverAbout 50 channel digital receiving system - Height coverage : 1 ～ 500km - Three dimensional winds and plasma parameters - Fine time and height resolutions

36. Feasibility Study Field survey Syowa station Light-weight test antenna Prototype power-efficient (class-E) amplifier

37. Pilot System for PANSY (2007-2008) Comprehensive test - Light-weight and robust antennas - Power-efficient class-E amplifiers Scientific study as a meteor wind radar as well

38. To maintain and intensify the Syowa – Iceland conjugate observations. To develop the unmanned magnetometer network in the Antarctic. To maintain other facilities at Syowa Station, including the two SuperDARN radars, etc. To do coordinated studies using MF radar, Meteo radar, EISCAT radar, etc. To do feasibility studies for the MST/IS radar (PANSY) at Syowa To transfer the data to Japan in near real time To make the data accessible for the community more quickly and more easily. Summary : Japanese activity for the ICESTAR