1. Science requirements to support licensing of marine renewable Ian Davies Marine Scotland

2. Licensing marine renewable energy projects: A view from Scotland Ian Davies Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen,

3. How much development? TIDE WAVE WIND R3 WIND STW

4. And then? Medium term offshore wind plan

5. Consents Required in Scotland Section 34 The Coast Protection Act 1949 (CPA) Section 36 of the Electricity Act 1989 (s.36) Section 5 Food and Environment Protection Act 1985 (FEPA) Section 44 European Protected Species (EPS) Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act Energy Act (2004) Decommissioning issued by DECC

6. Renewable Consenting Procedure Pre-scoping Meetings – baseline surveys and monitoring requirements General enquiries - early engagement with stakeholders & advisors Feedback provided EIA Scoping Distribute to a range of consultees as defined by the EIA Regulations (formal process) Provide advice and feedback Compile responses and resolve issues Respond to the developer EIA Preparation Meetings – discuss consultees advice and try to alleviate any controversial issues and conflicts Monitoring protocols Application Receive acceptable application package Distribute to a range of consultees Resolve conflict and provide guidance Compile responses and complete determination If favourable - Licence conditions defined (including monitoring and reporting requirements) Prepare recommendation for the Minister Issue FEPA, CPA and s.36

7. Why is consenting a problem? Prediction of effects on mobile species in the absence of empirical data or an evidence base. Particularly important in relation to SACs/SPAs (HRAs). Impacts on: Seabed habitats Mammals Seabirds Fish, particularly migratory species

8. Forms of interactions with wildlife a)Physical collision b)Reaction to construction and operational noise c)Displacement/disturbance d)“Barrier effects” – operational e)Interference with migration – emf, noise

9. Wildlife interactions We need: Validated models of the interactions Models of the consequences But lack: Technology to accurately detect/record subsea interactions. Time and resources to understand target populations of mammals and birds such that any impacts of renewables can be reliably detected and correctly assigned.

10. Interactions with other users Fishing: VMS gives good information on >15m vessels. Relatively little information on <15m vessels. What are the implications of displacement of fishing effort? Coastal processes: Where should we go for good advice on implications of renewables for coastal processes? Sediment transport, erosion/deposition, changes in wave climate for recreational use, coastal habitats, etc

11. Potential positive effects Potential for multiple uses: What activities may be compatible with some forms of renewables developments? Potential function as MPAs to support conservation and commercial fisheries. How can we secure socio-economic benefits at local as well as national scale?

12. Issues on the horizon a)Significance to be given to Priority Marine Features? b)Significance and management of landscape /seascape /NSA/ remoteness issues? c)How can local communities be brought into the economic processes. How can they benefit? d)How does tourism fit into the mix? e)Logical basis for tradeoffs between different uses of the sea? f)When is enough enough? Limits to growth? g)What is the change in balance of issues as the scale of development increases/ Do any new issues arise?

13. Marine spatial planning??