1. Similarities and Differences Marzano Chapter 2 Eliane Agra Alison Zeller Megan Antis Prisha Ward

2. Why use these strategies? The Generalizations…  “Presenting students with explicit guidance in identifying similarities and differences enhances students’ understanding of and ability to use knowledge”(Marzano 15). Encourages discussion and inquiry.

3.  “Asking students to independently identify similarities and differences enhances students’ understanding of and ability to use knowledge” (Marzano 15).  “Representing similarities and differences in graphic or symbolic form enhances students’ understanding of and ability to use knowledge”(Marzano 16).

4.  “Identification of similarities and differences can be accomplished in a variety of ways” (Marzano 16). Comparing Classifying Metaphors Analogies

5. All Strategies… Start with teacher directed, structured tasks Proceed to student directed, comparison tasks Utilize graphic organizers

6. Ways to Implement Strategy  Comparing The process of identifying similarities and differences between or among things or ideas.*Marzano The key is identifying important characteristics.

7.  Classifying The process of grouping things that are alike in two categories on the basis of their characteristics. *Marzano Organize elements into groups based on their similarities.

8.  Metaphors The process of identifying a general or basic pattern in a specific topic and then finding another topic that appears to be quite different but that has the same general pattern. *Marzano Two items in a metaphor are connected by an abstract or nonliteral relationship.  Love is a rose In graphic organizers the two elements may have different literal patterns but share a common abstract pattern.

9.  Analogies The process of identifying relationships between pairs of concepts-in other words identifying relationships between relationships. *Marzano Allow students to see how seemingly dissimilar things are similar Hot:cold::night:day  Cold and day are opposites OF hot and night

10. Tying it into the Standards  Social Sciences Common Curricular Goal: Compare and analyze physical and human characteristics of places and regions.  Mathematics MA.02.AR.01 Sort and classify objects using one or more attributes by observing relationships and making generalizations.

11. Works Cited  Oregon Content Standards Newspaper  Marazno,R., Pickering,D. & Pollock, J. (2002)Classroom instruction that works. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.