1. 1 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 Nicolas Hoepffner Global Environment Monitoring Unit Ecosystem Monitoring in the Black Sea

2. 2 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 ECOMAR provides a pan-European scientific and technical support in the definition, implementation and monitoring of EU policies and Directives related to the coastal and marine environment. Monitoring and Assessment of Coastal & Marine Environments (ECOMAR) EU Policy Context:  European Marine Strategy  Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES)  Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC)  Maritime Policy  Regional Marine Conventions (HELCOM, Black Sea Comm., OSPARCOM)  European Environmental Agency (EEA)

3. 3 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 Development, processing and validation of Earth Observation data (optical and thermal sensors) Regional Seas numerical modeling, ecosystem assessment Data integration and development of environmental indicators ECOMAR scientific and technical studies

4. 4 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 MODIS Aqua Sept. 15, 2004 MODIS Terra May 10, 2002 Phytoplankton blooms and Coccolithophores in the Black Sea Visible Spectral Radiometry from Satellite (Ocean Colour)

5. 5 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 Correction for the Atmosphere effect Data Collection and merging orbital scenes Restitution of geophysical products Apply in-water algorithm 412nm443nm 510nm 670nm 490nm 555nm Emerging spectral light – 412-670nm 03/2001 Ocean Colour Data Analysis

6. 6 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 JRC-IES Ocean Colour Data Archive Coverage: global and European Seas Period: Oct. 1997 to March 2006 Sensor used: SeaWiFS (Oct.97 to Dec. 2004) and MODIS-Aqua (Jun 2002 to present) Spatial resolution: 2 km Archived products - Water leaving radiances at various wavelengths - light attenuation coefficient (transparency, turbidity) - water particle loads (chlorophyll concentration, Total suspended matter) http://marine.jrc.cec.eu.int/

7. 7 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 Black Sea Chlorophyll Distribution Daily Scene 8-days composites SeaWiFS MODIS monthly composites http://marine.jrc.cec.eu.int/

8. 8 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 Jan Mar Nov Black Sea : Light attenuation coefficient Satellite retrieval Water transparency Index

9. 9 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06  Advanced methods for the absolute calibration of marine instruments  Autonomous systems for continuous validation of primary remote sensing optical products  Assessment of ocean color primary products from most relevant space sensors ( official calibration site for NASA and ESA) Ocean Colour Cal/Val activities SeaWiFS MODISMERIS Measurement campaigns in the North Adriatic (1995-present) http://www.esa.int/esaLP/LPcampaigns.html

10. 10 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 Ocean Colour Cal/Val activities  North Adriatic, July 2000 - JRC -  Baltic Sea (Baltic proper), May 2004 - JRC/ IOPAS  English Channel, June 2004, - JRC/ Univ. Littoral  Baltic Sea (Baltic proper), Sept. 2004 - JRC/IOPAS  Baltic Sea (Baltic proper), April 2005 - JRC/IOPAS  Black Sea (western), June 2006 - JRC/IOBAS  Baltic Sea (Gulf of Finland), Aug. 2006 - JRC/FIMR  Eastern Mediterranean, Sept. 2006 - JRC/CNR-ISAC Cruise campaigns over Europe

11. 11 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 surface light  Spectral irradiance model underwater light  z  Optical model Water-column biomass distribution (z) From Ocean Colour to Marine Productivity

12. 12 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 17 models, and ~ 900 quality-controlled C14 measurements of primary production, spanning more than a decade (1983-1996; ClimPP) in the Tropical Pacific. JRC model showed the lowest total rms error (0.231) on PP log-difference, as well as the lowest centered pattern rms (0.227) which is an indication of the model performance to detect the variability in the dataset. International Productivity Algorithms Comparative Experiment. PPARR 3 (part 3)

13. 13 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 Black Sea Marine Productivity FebApr Jul Nov Aug. 01 Aug. 98 Aug. 03 Seasonal Variations Inter-annual variability open sea coastal +- PP ~ 1 gC.m -2.d -1

14. 14 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 Modelling and Indicator development Combining Satellite data (and/or in situ data) with modelling to derive Ecological Indicators applicable to all European Seas (large scale) and comparable for dife ferent region  Physical Sensitive Area Index (PSA)  Oxygen Depletion Risk Index (Oxyrisk) Conceptual Model for Eutrophication Risk Assessment

15. 15 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 mixed layer depthSea surface temp.chlorophyll PSA Index Oxyrisk Eutrophication Risk Assessment: Black Sea (Sept. 2002)

16. 16 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 Eutrophication Risk Assessment: Black Sea (Oct. 2002) PSA IndexOxyrisk mixed layer depthSea surface temp.chlorophyll

17. 17 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 Oxygen depletion risk index to support the evaluation of the impact of high nutrient inputs (e.g. resulting from agriculture and urbanization) into coastal waters. Index represents high (high value=red) / low (low values = blue) risk to hypoxia and anoxia Feb. 2003Aug. 2003 Eutrophication Risk Assessment: European Coastal Zone

18. 18 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 through satellite data analysis and modelling, ECOMAR can provide reliable and comparable information on the marine ecosystem status from regional to European scale These information constitute a basis for an environmental tool for policy managers, e.g. in the context of the EU Marine Strategy and up-coming Maritime Policy –Investigate ecosystem response to anthropogenic pressures –Identify critical / vulnerable European marine areas –Assess climate change impacts Activity is optimized through direct collaboration and networking with –European Environment Agency (EEA) –Regional Marine Conventions and Programmes –Referenced research bodies in EU Member and Accession states through e.g. Partnerships in EU-funded projects (e.g. SeaDataNet, SPICOSA) FP7, toward an operational monitoring of European regional Seas following a coherent and harmonized methodology (Policy Theme 2 “Solidarity and the responsible management of resources “ ; Agenda 2.2 ‘ Natural Resources’) Concluding Notes

19. 19 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06  Web based marine GIS  Physical and Biological Marine variables (SST, Chl-a, PP, tmx, smx, etc.)  Eutrophication risk indicators (Oxyrisk & PSA)  Navigate and browse European wide and predefined regions maps (pan, zoom)  Query maps - extract numerical values and compute statistics - by point or by area (mean, max, min, std, time-series, climatologies)  Save maps and statistics (graphs) in png, pdf and ascii EMIS- European Marine Information System

20. 20 JRC Info Day, Bucharest 11/5/06 Numerical Model General Estuarine Transport Model / GETM