1. Expanding the reach of education through technology Richard Anderson Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington Oct 30, 20081IIIT Bangalore

2. Research in Educational Technology How can computing technology enhance education? – Focus on classroom instruction Challenges: – Extending reach of education – Increasing interaction – Addressing problems of scale – Facilitating expression of ideas Oct 30, 20082IIIT Bangalore

3. Past and Current Research Projects Video conferenced distance education UW PMP DISC ConferenceXP Center for Collaborative Technologies Presentation systems Classroom Presenter 2.0 Classroom Presenter 3.0 Classroom interaction systems Classroom Feedback System CATs for CS1 Structured Interaction Presentations (SIP) Student submissions with CP Tutored Video Instruction UW CC TVI Project Beihang TVI project Digital StudyHall Oct 30, 20083IIIT Bangalore

4. Research Approach Deployment driven – Classroom use – Technology development and promotion Goals and success criteria – Adoption of technology and methodology – Influence educational practice This is a model that has been working for us – Target specific deployments that are innovative in some dimensions Oct 30, 20084IIIT Bangalore

5. Today’s Talk Distance Learning and Video Conferenced Classes Tutored Video Instruction Lessons learned and remaining challenges Future projects Oct 30, 20085IIIT Bangalore

6. Video Conferenced Teaching Multi-site internet based audio-video conferencing UW Master’s Program – Site-to-site courses between UW and Microsoft since Winter 1997 – www.cs.washington.edu/education/dl/course_index.html www.cs.washington.edu/education/dl/course_index.html – Master’s level courses – Goal: interaction across sites Approximate single classroom – Various technologies have been used since the program was introduced Oct 30, 20086IIIT Bangalore

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9. Distance Classes in UW CSE Master's Program Initial phase Winter 1997 – Winter 2002 – Polycom + Netmeeting for PPT and SmartBoard MSR DISC Project – Target: UW, CMU, UCB, Brown graduate class – Spring 2002 ConferenceXP – Since Spring 2003 – Four way courses, Autumn 2004, Autumn 2005, Autumn 2006 UW, MSR, UCB, UCSD Oct 30, 20089IIIT Bangalore

10. ConferenceXP High quality, low latency video to support interactive classes High bandwidth internet video conferencing – Internet2 – Multicast Single machine deployment – High end PC – Performance limit: handling multiple high resolutions video streams Innovative presentation tools Oct 30, 200810IIIT Bangalore

11. Initial Challenges (Spring 2002) What went wrong – Technology and systems failures – Multicast networking – High cost of interruptions – Audio – Loss of trust – Room configuration issues – Lack of control of lecture room – Production quality Meta lesson – Learn more from failures than from successes How to Fail at VideoConferenced Teaching – Microsoft Faculty Summit 2002 – Anderson & Beavers Oct 30, 200811IIIT Bangalore

12. Success in distance classes Goals – Real time interaction between sites – High quality video Challenges – High bandwidth connections – Classroom Audio – Establishing a pattern of interaction Oct 30, 200812IIIT Bangalore

13. Hardware Multicast Technology bet (2001) – Multicast networking to support multisite courses – Substantial bandwidth savings – Multicast not uniformly supported Oct 30, 200813IIIT Bangalore

14. Dealing with multicast problems Reflector service – Plug in unicast to replace multicast Used as backup in our courses Solution when connecting to networks without multicast Oct 30, 200814IIIT Bangalore

15. Going International March 29, 2008, LACCIR Meeting – Latin American and Carribbean Collaboration for ICT Research Seattle and University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Seminar presentation CXP Unicast reflector Oct 30, 200815IIIT Bangalore

16. Masters class, UW - Pakistan Masters class – University of Washington – Lahore University of Management Science – Microsoft Computing for the Developing world Oct 30, 200816IIIT Bangalore

17. Technical Challenges Ensuring adequate bandwidth – Limited bandwidth to Pakistan – Reliability – Multicast – Ensuring this did not compromise UW-MS class – Limited time to prepare Oct 30, 200817IIIT Bangalore

18. Fred’s whiteboard Oct 30, 200818IIIT Bangalore

19. Basic PMP setup (2 sites) PMP VENUE Archiver Video cameras Audio Video Displays Speakers Video cameras Audio Video Displays Speakers CP3 Instructor CP3 Display CP3 Display Student Tablets UWMicrosoft CXP CP3 Oct 30, 200819IIIT Bangalore

20. 3-way setup for UW, MS, LUMS PMP Venue 1 PMP Venue 2 Archiver MicrosoftLUMS UW CP3 Server CP3 Oct 30, 200820IIIT Bangalore

21. Use of Classroom Presenter Tablet PC based presentation and classroom interaction system Ink based presentation Classroom Activites Oct 30, 200821IIIT Bangalore

22. Classroom PresenterStudent Student Instructor Public Display Oct 30, 200822IIIT Bangalore

23. Classroom Activities Oct 30, 200823IIIT Bangalore

24. Project status High connectivity 9 out of 10 classes – One lecture originated from Pakistan – Only failure was on the UW-Microsoft Link (which also brought down UW-Pakistan) Improving audio (microphone issues) Participation of students from Pakistan – Student submissions – Questions and discussions Multiple rounds of audio communication Oct 30, 200824IIIT Bangalore

25. Key lessons Participants must have incentive for a distance course Instructor must make an effort to create multisite interaction Active participants at remote site help Time zones and scheduling are major issues Oct 30, 200825IIIT Bangalore

26. Tutored Video Instruction Video recorded lectures shown with facilitator – Original model: lectures stopped by students for discussion – Peer tutors Developed by Jim Gibbons at Stanford University Positive results reported in Science [1977] Oct 30, 200826IIIT Bangalore

27. UW TVI Projects Introductory programming – Address community college articulation – Experiment with alternate approaches to introductory computing instruction UW – Beihang Algorithms course – Offering of CSE 421 in China Digital StudyHall – Primary education in rural india Oct 30, 200827IIIT Bangalore

28. Tutored Video Instruction Recorded lecture materials – Generally based on live classes Class model – Lecture playback alternating with facilitator led discussion – Facilitation models Gibbons: Peer instruction Active facilitation Oct 30, 200828IIIT Bangalore

29. UW-Beihang Algorithms class Offer course based on UW course in Beijing UW Instructor could not give the course in Beijing Scheduling prevented live course offering – 1:30 pm Seattle, 4:30 am Beijing – Materials captured from live classes Tutored Video Instruction – Slides, talking head, digital ink Oct 30, 200829IIIT Bangalore

30. Involvement with Remote Site Set up visit – Met with Teaching Assistants – Tested all technology – Trained Teaching Assistants in facilitation – Gave classes to students to demonstrate technology and TVI Midterm visit – Observed classes – Gave lecture without recorded video Regular communication with Teaching Assistants Data collection Oct 30, 200830IIIT Bangalore

31. Course Delivery Applications displayed – Webviewer for video replay – Classroom Presenter Teaching Assistants would show video or show CP for inking on slides or classroom interaction Oct 30, 200831IIIT Bangalore

32. Summary of Project Results Offering successful – Technology, institutional relationship Cross-cultural issues – English language materials were comprehensible – Classroom discussion primarily in Chinese Facilitation model – Significant support for facilitators – Classroom activities successful (and popular) – Facilitators innovative and reproduced some of the instruction – Interactive and informal classroom atmosphere Oct 30, 200832IIIT Bangalore

33. Language Issues Lectures delivered in English – Language exposure consider to be a positive side effect of the course Teaching assistants facilitated in English – But discussions were generally in Chinese Students reported using lectures outside of class Instructor observations from site visit – Chinese students had substantially more English listening than speaking experience – Recorded lectures did contain some colloquial usage and cultural specific references which were lost Oct 30, 200833IIIT Bangalore

34. Facilitation Support provided for facilitators – Lecture notes – Activities Facilitators invested a larger effort in preparation – Studying videos – Planning how to cover content Active facilitation – Worked through lecture examples – Led activities – Asked questions to students Example: facilitators working through example from lecture slides InstructorFacilitator A Facilitator CFacilitator B Oct 30, 200834IIIT Bangalore

35. Classroom Activities Tablet PC supported activities – Student submission model – Used for every lecture Technology generally successful Considered very positive by students – High rate of participation Provided a structure for active learning Oct 30, 200835IIIT Bangalore

36. Classroom Environment Contrast to traditional large lecture class Highly interactive class – Interaction episodes measured by observation logs and videos of Beihang classes – Average of 13 interaction episodes per class, 10 with students speaking – UW class averaged about 20 interaction episodes per equivalent length of time – Beihang episodes averaged a greater number of rounds of communication Class atmosphere was informal Oct 30, 200836IIIT Bangalore

37. Results Offering successful – Technology, institutional relationship Cross-cultural issues – English language materials were comprehensible – Classroom discussion primarily in Chinese Facilitation model – Significant support for facilitators – Classroom activities successful (and popular) – Facilitators innovative and reproduced some of the instruction – Interactive and informal classroom atmosphere Oct 30, 200837IIIT Bangalore

38. Digital StudyHall Affiliated Project Collaboration with Randy Wang in Lucknow Tutored Video Instruction for primary education in rural India YouTube + Netflix Oct 30, 200838IIIT Bangalore

39. Key components A people’s database Mediation based pedagogy Hub and spoke model Content distribution by DVD Oct 30, 2008IIIT Bangalore39

40. Status: network of hubs and spokes Operational hubs in Lucknow, Calcutta, Pune, and Bangladesh Each hub works with a number of poor village or slum schools Oct 30, 200840IIIT Bangalore

41. What we’ve learned from all of this Value of electronic materials in the process of classroom instruction Tools for teaching – Teacher and students drive the process – Flexible and unpredictable use Importance of high reliability – And attention to address issues Broader context – interplay of technology and other issues Oct 30, 200841IIIT Bangalore

42. Deployment Driven Research Development and deployment of educational technology Internal – Working with our own classes – Opportunity to innovate – Pressure to make things work External – Broad range of ideas – User suggestions – Feedback on ideas Oct 30, 200842IIIT Bangalore

43. For more information Richard Anderson – anderson@cs.washington.edu anderson@cs.washington.edu Classroom Presenter – http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/dl/pres enter/ http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/dl/pres enter/ Center for Collaborative Technologies at UW – http://cct.cs.washington.edu/ http://cct.cs.washington.edu/ Digital StudyHall – http://dsh.cs.washington.edu/ http://dsh.cs.washington.edu/ Oct 30, 200843IIIT Bangalore

44. Acknowledgements Support from Microsoft Research, National Science Foundation, HP, Ford, UW CSE Jay Beavers, Jane Prey, Randy Hinrichs, Chris Moffatt, Jason Van Eaton, Paul Oka, Steve Wolfman, Ken Yasuhara, Andrew Whitaker, Ruth Anderson, Craig Prince, Valentin Razmov, Natalie Linnell, Krista Davis, Jonathon Su, Sara Su, Peter Davis, Tammy VanDeGrift, Joe Tront, Alon Halevy, Gaetano Borriello, Ed Lazowska, Hal Perkins, Susan Eggers, Fred Videon, Rod Prieto, Oliver Chung, Crystal Hoyer, Beth Simon, Eitan Feinberg, Julia Schwarz, Jim Fridley, Tom Hinkley, Ning Li, Jing Li, Luo Jie, Jiangfeng Chen, Melody Kadenko, Julie Svendsen, Shannon Gillmore Oct 30, 200844IIIT Bangalore