1. When Should IPM be Implemented?

2. Sampling Intention Absolute NumbersAbsolute Numbers Relative NumbersRelative Numbers

3. -Sampling from air Sampling Methods

4. Sampling from vegetation

5. Sampling Methods Sampling from soil and litter

6. Extracting Samples From The Soil or from Leaf Litter

7. Mark and Recapture Lincoln Index P=an/r P: Total population size a: Individuals marked and released n: Total individuals taken in recapture sample r: Marked individuals recaptured

8. Sampling Methods Visual searches

9. Sampling Methods Sweep-net catch

10. Shaking and beating Sampling Methods

11. D-vac

12. Sampling Methods Malaise traps

13. Sampling Methods Windowpane traps

14. Sampling Methods Sticky traps

15. Sampling Methods Pitfall traps

16. Sampling Methods Visual traps

17. Sampling Methods Traps using attractants

18. Sampling Methods Insect Products

19. Sampling Methods Plant DamagePlant Damage -Direct pests -Indirect pest

20. Direct Pests

21. Indirect Pests

22. Measuring leaf damage

23. Decision-making sampling Parameter-estimation

24. Uniform Clumped Random

25. When to Apply a Control Action?

26. Next Class…