1. Ubiquitous Computing Computers everywhere

2. Thursday: presentations UCook Team NoName Save the Best for Last Food Networking

3. Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp) Move beyond desktop machine Computing is embedded everywhere in the environment A new paradigm?? – “everyware”, “off the desktop”, “out of the box”, pervasive, invisible, wearable, calm, anytime/anywhere/any place, …

4. Ubicomp Notions Computing capabilities, any time, any place “Invisible” resources Machines sense users’ presence and act accordingly

5. Marc Weiser: The father of ubicomp Chief Technologist Xerox PARC Began Ubiquitous Computing Project in 1988 1991 Scientific American article got the ball rolling http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.html

6. Not an interface problem? “The most profound technologies are those that disappear” HCI: new focus on unobtrusiveness, invisibility – How do we make technology “vanish”?

7. Videos http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/corporate /future/hokusai/index.html http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/corporate /future/hokusai/index.html http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/corporate /future/mobilelife/index.html http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/corporate /future/mobilelife/index.html What interfaces did you see? How did users interact? What do you think of this vision?

8. Ubicomp is... Related to: – mobile computing – wearable computing – augmented reality In contrast with: – virtual reality (augmented virtuality)

9. HCI Themes in Ubicomp Some of the themes: Natural interaction Context-aware computing Automated capture and access Everyday computing

10. Natural Interaction How do input and output change? – Different form factors, more devices Input – Towards implicit information – Feeds context-aware computing (later) Output – Towards distributed, peripheral and ambient displays

11. Natural / implicit input Integrate into human life Pen input Gesture Speech Perceptual UI Tangible UI http://tangible.media.mit.edu/

12. Device scales Inch – PDAs – Blackberry – Voice Recorders – smart phones OQO 5.5” 3.1”

13. Device scales Foot – notebooks – tablets – digital paper Ultra mobile PC

14. Device scales Yard – electronic whiteboards – plasma displays – smart bulletin boards

15. Another take on scales Based on ownership and location body desk room building From the GMD Darmstadt web site on I-Land

16. Distributed Displays The Everywhere Display Project at IBM Microsoft Research Play Anywhere: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muibPAUvOXk&feature=related

17. Ambient Displays The Information Percolator – http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~hudson/bubbles/ http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~hudson/bubbles/ Ambient Orb – http://www.ambientdevices.com/

18. Peripheral Displays Kimura Digital Family Portrait

19. What is Context? Any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity Who, what, where, when Why is it important? – information, usually implicit, that applications do not have access to – It’s input that you don’t get in a GUI

20. Example: Location services Outdoor – Global Positioning Satellites (GPS) – wireless/cellular networks Indoor – active badges, electronic tags – vision – motion detectors, keyboard activity

21. How to Use Context To present relevant information to someone – Mobile tour guide To perform an action automatically – Print to nearest printer To show an action that use can choose – Want to phone the number in this email?

22. Context-aware scenarios Walk into room, lights, audio, etc. adjust to the presence of people Communication between people (intercoms, phones, etc. ring to room with person) Security, emergency calls based on people in the home Monitor health, alert when needed

23. Automated capture and access Use of computers to preserve records of the live experience for future use (Abowd & Mynatt 2000) Points of consideration: – capture needs to be natural – user access is important – details of an experience is recorded as streams of information

24. Capture & access applications Compelling applications – Design records – Health care monitoring and therapies – Family memories Annotations Fusion, indexing, summarization

25. Example: Personal Audio Loop

26. Designing for Everyday Activities No clear beginning or end – Closure vs. flexibility and simplicity Interruption is expected – Design for resumption Concurrent activities – Monitoring for opportunity Time is important discriminator – Interpret events Associative models needed – Reacquire information from multiple pts of view

27. Technical Challenges Connectivity – almost constant – How to gracefully handle changes? Sensing – How to gather useful info? (i.e. location?) Integration and analysis of data – How to recognize activity and recover when incorrect? – How to function at acceptable speeds? Scale – both in information and size of displays

28. Challenge of Evaluation Bleeding edge technology Novelty Unanticipated uses Quantitative metrics Variety of social implications/issues

29. Social issues Privacy – who has access to data? How do we make users aware of what technology is present? Differing perspectives and opinions – Jane likes that the environment is aware she is present, but John doesn’t…

30. Conclusions Interfaces and interactions moving into the world Real life interaction … noisy, erroneous Continuous interaction … time sensitive Design and evaluation get more complex

31. Now what? If you like this course… ITIS 3150 (currently 3050) Rapid Prototyping and Interface Building – Offered next fall by Dr. Latulipe Senior project or research – If one isn’t listed, come talk to Dr. Latulipe or me Courses with HCI component: gaming, visualization, software design Cognitive Science – Minor: this course is one of the free electives – Paid Research Internship: http://www.psych.uncc.edu/pagoolka/reu.html http://www.psych.uncc.edu/pagoolka/reu.html