1. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 1 Organizing Data and Information Chapter 3

2. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 2 Principles and Learning Objectives The database approach to data management provides significant advantages over the traditional file-based approach. –Define general data management concepts and terms, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the database approach to data management. –Name three database models and outline their basic features, advantages, and disadvantages.

3. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 3 Principles and Learning Objectives A well-designed and well-managed database is an extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making. –Identify the common functions performed by all database management systems and identify three popular end-user database management systems.

4. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 4 Principles and Learning Objectives Further improvements in the use of database technology will continue to evolve and yield real business benefits. –Identify and briefly discuss recent database applications.

5. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 5 The Hierarchy of Data

6. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 6 Keys and Attributes

7. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 7 The Traditional Approach To Data Management

8. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 8 The Database Approach to Data Management

9. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 9 Advantages of the Database Approach

10. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 10 Disadvantages of the Database Approach

11. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 11 Data Modeling Planned data redundancy Data model Enterprise data modeling Entity-relationship diagrams

12. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 12 Entity-Relationship Diagram for a Customer Ordering Database

13. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 13 Database Models Hierarchical (tree) Network Relational

14. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 14 Hierarchical Database Model

15. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 15 Network Database Model

16. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 16 Relational Database Model

17. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 17 Relational Models Describe data using a standard tabular format with all data elements placed in two-dimensional tables, called relations, that are the logical equivalent of files. –Domain –Selecting –Projecting –Joining

18. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 18 Linking Database Tables to Answer an Inquiry

19. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 19 Building and Modifying a Relational Database

20. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 20 Database Management Systems

21. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 21 Providing a User View Schema - a description of the entire database Subschema - a file that contains a description of a subset of the database and identifies which users can modify the data items in that subset

22. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 22 The Use of Schemas and Subschemas

23. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 23 Creating and Modifying the Database Data definition language (DDL) - a collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and data relationships in a specific database Data dictionary – detailed description of data in a database

24. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 24 Typical Uses of a Data Dictionary Provide a standard definition of terms and data elements Assist programmers in designing and writing programs Simplify database modification Reduce data redundancy Increase data reliability Speed program development Ease modification of data and information

25. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 25 Storing and Retrieving Data

26. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 26 Structured Query Language

27. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 27 Database Output

28. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 28 Popular Database Management Systems Paradox database FileMaker Pro Microsoft Access Lotus 1-2-3 Spreadsheet

29. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 29 Worldwide Database Market Share (2001)

30. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 30 Selecting a Database Management System Database size Number of concurrent users Performance Integration Features Vendor Cost

31. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 31 Database Applications

32. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 32 Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data Mining Data Warehouse - a database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company’s processes, products, and customers. Data Mart – a subset of a data warehouse. Data Mining - an information analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse.

33. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 33 Elements of a Data Warehouse

34. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 34 Common Data Mining Applications

35. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 35 Business Intelligence Gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form. –Competitive intelligence –Counterintelligence –Knowledge management

36. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 36 Comparison of OLAP and Data Mining

37. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 37 Advantages of ODBC

38. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 38 Object-Relational Database Management System Stores the following types of data as objects: –audio –images –unstructured –text –spatial data

39. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 39 Spatial Technology

40. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 40 Summary Data - one of the most valuable resources a firm possesses. Entity - a generalized class of objects for which data is collected, stored, and maintained. Attribute - a characteristic of an entity. DBMS - a group of programs used as an interface between a database and application programs. Data mining - the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse.