1. TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF011 Turbulence and wind speed profiles for simulating TMT AO performance Tony Travouillon M. Schoeck, S. Els, R. Riddle, W. Skidmore, B. Ellerbroek, G. Herriot S. Els

2. On the menu today What and how are we measuring. The data available. How to read this data. How we are so far using it for AO simulations. TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF012 S. Els

3. Measuring turbulence with a MASS- DIMM TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF013 A. Tokovinin

4. La Silla Las Campanas AURA Santiago Armazones Paranal Tolar ALMA Tolonchar 100 km Where did we make those measurements

5. Tolar

6. Armazones from the air The little white speck on the summit is the site testing telescope.

7. Tolonchar

8. San Pedro Mártir MASS/DIMM telescope

10. A special care given to cross- calibration and error management TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF0110

11. Wind profiles We use the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data Publicly available Global grid (~250km resolution) Data available every 6 hours 16 layers from 761m to 25km Data verified against balloon measurements We also have ground data taken with SODARs and weather stations TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF0111

12. Turbulence data available TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF0112 Huge database Between 150,000 and 285,000 profiles per site. Will be made public in the future.

13. How can that much data be useful to AO simulations? AO simulations that are CPU intensive may not run every individual profiles The difficulty we are dealing with here is the following: There is no such a thing as an average or typical profile This difficulty comes from more the statistical nature of turbulence and is an issue on all time scales “An average profile does not have an average seeing” TMT has looked at several options TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF0113

14. Short and long term variations TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF0114

15. Median profiles How do you select a median profile? Median of each layer? Selected around Median seeing? Selected around median isoplanatic angle? See Els et al. (2009) PASP for full details TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF0115

16. Median profiles A solution considered for TMT simulation: Averaging profiles around the median open loop wavefront variance due to the combined effects of fitting and servo-lag error: TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF0116

17. A new approach…creating a standard night Auto-regressive model Generate time series that reproduce the 1 st and 2 nd order temporal statistics of the log(seeing) Uses all data to recreate a time series of seeing of manageable size for simulations Driven by temporal autocorrelation vector and Gaussian Random number generator TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF0117

18. A new approach…creating a standard night Keeps statistical characteristics of the site while reducing the number of profiles Method to be presented at next OSA conference in September by Herriot et al. TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF0118

19. Conclusion TMT has collected a high quality and statistically representative sample of turbulence parameters at 5 sites. Database to be made public. High potential for AO simulations. Lessons learned: When possible, run the simulation on all data and then calculate the statistics on the results. For time intensive simulations, it is important to realize that there is no such a thing as an average profile. Simulations give noticeably different results depending on selection criteria. TMT.AOS.PRE.09.030.DRF0119