1. THE MODAL MODEL Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) rehearse Sensory
Information
Store
Short Term
Memory (STM)
Long Term
Memory (LTM)
recode
retrieve

2. THE WORKING MEMORY MODEL Baddeley and Hitch, 1974
Central Executive
Phonological Store
Visuo-Spatial Store
Articulatory processes
Visuo-spatial processes
PHONOLOGICAL LOOP
VISUO-SPATIAL SKETCHPAD

3. Evidence for the Phonological Loop
Articulatory Suppression
Word Length Effect
Phonological Similarity Effect

4. Articulatory Suppression (Murray, 1967)
No secondary task
Articulatory suppression
Recall performance

5. Word Length Effect (Baddeley et al., 1975)
Recall performance
Short Words ie., fit, cat, put
Long Words ie., university, escalator
ie., ticket, jogger
ie., Friday, motion

6. Phonological Similarity Effect (Conrad & Hull, 1964)
Recall performance
Phonologically distinct lists ie., TRQKO
Phonologically similar lists ie., TVBCD

7. Summary of Evidence Articulatory Suppression Word Length Effect
- suggests the importance of rehearsal as the active process
Word Length Effect
suggests the importance of rehearsal for maintaining phonological information in STM
Phonological Similarity Effect
suggests that information held in the phonological store fades and becomes confused with other similar information

8. Interaction of these effects
Recall performance
1 task
2 tasks ?
Short words
Long words
Word Length

9. Summary of Evidence Articulatory Suppression Word Length Effect
- suggests the importance of rehearsal as the active process
Word Length Effect
suggests the importance of rehearsal for maintaining phonological information in STM
Phonological Similarity Effect
suggests that information held in the phonological store fades and becomes confused with other similar information
The interaction of these effects
- suggests that rehearsal is the active processing system that serves the passive phonological store, and that together, these two components make up the PHONOLOGICAL LOOP.

10. So What? The Importance of the Phonological Loop
PATIENT ‘PV’:
Acquisition of new vocabulary
Acquisition of a second language
Language comprehension