2. Coronal hard X-rays prior to RHESSI H. S. Hudson Space Sciences Lab, UC Berkeley

3. Outline Review of metric radio morphology and physics The “extended flare” (Frost & Dennis, OSO-7, Kiplinger, Cliver et al.) Yohkoh coronal observations Comments about the physics

4. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Sunspot cycle maximumSunspot cycle minimum The solar corona

5. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Schrijver-DeRosa PFSS example

6. ISSI, October 2, 2006 G. A. Gary, Solar Phys. 203, 71 (2001) (v A ~ 200  -1/2 km/s) CH Distribution of coronal plasma 

7. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Overview of metric solar burst phenomenology, courtesy Hiraiso Observatory

8. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Coronal radio emission at metric wavelengths Type I “noise storm”Not well understood? Type II “slow drift burst”Large-scale shock wave Type III “fast drift burst”Electron beam Type IV “extended flare”Relativistic electrons Type V Electron beam U-burstElectron beam

9. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Coronal hard X-ray sources March 30, 1969 event (Frost & Dennis, 1971) Two OSO-7 events (Hudson 1978, Hudson et al. 1982) Review paper (Cliver et al. 1986) including front-side events Extended events (Kiplinger, 1995)

10. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Frost & Dennis 1971 Enome & Tanaka 1971 (3.5 GHz) March 30, 1969: X-rays and Microwaves

11. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Palmer & Smerd, 1972 March 30, 1969: meter waves (Culgoora)

12. ISSI, October 2, 2006 OSO-7 event of Dec. 14, 1971

13. ISSI, October 2, 2006 X-rays Electrons OSO-7 event of July 22, 1972

14. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Hudson 1986

15. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Kane 1983: PVO & ISEE-3 a.k.a. ICE

16. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Kane 1983: PVO & ISEE-3 a.k.a. ICE

17. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Cliver et al. 1986

18. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Cliver et al. 1986

19. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Cliver cartoon

20. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Kiplinger, 1995

21. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Cliver et al, 1986

22. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Yohkoh contributions A decade of observations with both soft and hard X-ray imaging What are the (hard) X-ray counterparts of the metric phenomenology What do hard X-ray images of extended flares look like?

23. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Metric burst-type scorecard Type I - observed soft X-rays from magnetic cusp (streamer) regions? Type II - observed soft X-rays from blast waves Type III - identified channels with soft X-ray jet trajectories Type IV - observed hard X-rays from moving source? Type V - ?? U-burst - identified channels with soft X-ray jet trajectories Not much hard X-ray progress…

24. ISSI, October 2, 2006 Soft X-rays from blast waves Hudson et al. 2003 Khan & Aurass 2003