1. Density Inversions in the Ocean Ben Kravitz

2. Potential Density Potential Density (ρ θ ) is the density a parcel of water would have if raised adiabatically to the surface without a change in salinity. σ θ = ρ θ - 1000

3. Double Diffusion warm fresh water cool salty water http://www.phys.ocean.dal.ca/programs/doubdiff/doublediffusion.html

4. Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability

5. Places with Stable Density Inversions Mediterranean Sea outflow Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman Red Sea and Gulf of Aden

6. Mediterranean Sea outflow into Atlantic Ocean -1200 m sea surface -1500 m intruding layer of warm, salty water σ θ = 27.85-27.90 Atlantic water at σ θ = 27.85-27.90 density inversion σ θ naturally decreases moving upward