1. Mitch Lange Jack Connor Kelly Goehring http:// www.gdargaud.net/Antarctica/Life/WeddellSeal.j pg

2.  Studying populations in relation to the environment…  Environmental influences, on population density, distribution, age structure, and population size With more of these guys… There will be less of these guys http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- fsV4PsAeGIo/TaTBsK4pY9I/AAAAAAAAAjE/hbD sJ0IRVik/s1600/lone%2Bseal2_for%2Bblog- 720230.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- lI0g2NzaOJ8/Tf4udjOH9oI/AAAAAAAAAFo/ CTZ0kaz0DAA/s1600/utah-hunting.jpg

3. Population size can be determined in a number of ways: Like number of nests, burrows, tracks, or poop Additions to population occur from : http://www.scotlandincolour.com/finch/fin ches-flying01ll.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_2V1Yi84pHb8/SW wtF8KmDWI/AAAAAAAAAak/xfpC4cpyqTU/s 400/il_fullxfull_52550225.jpg Population Size Immigration Births

4.  Animals leave because of: Deaths&Emigration: Movement of animals out of a population http://www.ect.coop/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Osprey-Leaving-Nest.jpghttp://laudyms.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/hawk_eating_prey. jpg

5.  3 types: http://mycozynook.com/36_02aClumped Dispersion-L.jpg http://bio1903.nicerweb.com/Locke d/media/ch53/53_04cRandomDispe rsion-L.jpg http://bio1903.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch 53/53_04bUniformDispersion-L.jpg Clumped: Most common, with individuals in separate patches Uniform: Evenly spaced, with patterns resulting from interactions Random: Unpredictable Spacing

6.  Vital Statistics of populations and their change over time  Particularly looking at birth rate and death rates  Life Table  Age that a person/animal is expected to live to  Cohort= group of individuals of same age. Used to follow the fate from birth to death Survivorship Curve Plot to see which data points in a cohort are still alive http://bealbio.wikispaces.com/file/view/survivorshi p.gif/104532503/survivorship.gif

7.  Some species reproduce in a one shot chance called semelparity  If offspring survival rate is low, this is favored  Others reproduce in the annual cycle called iteroparity  More favorable when there is dependable environment and might be competition for resources  There are many trade-offs between reproduction and survival:  High mortality rates in offspring often exhibit large number of small offspring  High predation rates also factor into large numbers of offspring http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/killi n_ur_biodiversiteh.jpg

8.  Per Capita Rate of Increase is the amount a population goes up over time  Deaths>Births is declining population  Births>Deaths is growing population  Births=Deaths is zero population growth  Intrinsic rate of increase or r max is when the per capita rate of increase is at its maximum http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_hpxaqo7FS9c/TRKQgN9 1moI/AAAAAAAAC8E/IYtb9e0- wgE/s1600/maps%2B-%2Bcensus%2B- %2BUS%2Bpopulation%2Bgrowth%2Bsince%2B17 90.png

9.  With more population density, each individual has access to fewer resources  The carrying capacity is the max population an environment can support  In this model, the per capita rate of increase declines as carrying capacity is reached  The graph of most real populations is like an S shape  When the population increases to it there is a lag in time where the population can resettle http://www.nabt.org/blog/wp- content/uploads/2009/05/logistic.jpg

10. Density Dependency Death rate rises as population density rises Also a birth rate falling with rising density Density Independency Birth rate or death rate does NOT change with population density

11.  Competition for Resources  More population more competition  Territoriality  Territory space is what the animals compete for i.e: nesting sites  Health  Transmission rate of a disease can wipe out a population  Predation  More food captured means lowered population  Toxic Wastes  Intrinsic Factors  Physiological effects of things like over-reproduction http://www.grguy.net/Q2_30Y3399-Cheetah- marking-300.jpg http://recyclingewaste.files.wordpress.com /2011/09/toxic-waste.jpg

13.  Population Dynamics  Metapopulations  Population Cycles = predictable intervals http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/Radcl iffeSlide1.gif

15.  1962-no longer y^x  Demographic Transition  Developed countries: reproduction rates about = replacement level  Population growth in Developing countries http://www.mongabay.com/images/pop.gif

16.  Relative number of individuals at each age

17.  Some say a billion, some say a trillion  Ecological Footprint( EF)  Produce all resources, absorb all wastes  Ecological Capacity( EC)  Actual resource base of their country  U.S. EF= 8.4 ha, EC= 6.2 ha  World EF= 1.7 ha http://sunhomedesign.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/cc-graphic1.gif

18.  Space  Nonrenewable Resources  Renewable Resources  Earth’s Capacity to Absorb Wastes