1. Interchange in Public Transport Tredbo 9. Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport. Cecília Silva 1/ 10 6 September 2005 Interchange in Public Transport: A tool for enhancing network efficiency. Cecília Silva

2. Interchange in Public Transport Tredbo 9. Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport. Cecília Silva 2/ 10 6 September 2005 Introduction Some challenges and respective needs: – Low competitiveness in relation to the car The need to reduce operational cost – New requirements within the context of demand for higher sustainability in urban mobility The need to increase patronage Aim of this research: – Evaluate the potential of interchange of enhancing Public Transport Network efficiency Increase patronage without increasing cost Introduction Methodology Model Operational Cost Service Level Case Study Results Conclusions

3. Interchange in Public Transport Tredbo 9. Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport. Cecília Silva 3/ 10 6 September 2005 Metodology Construction of a model – Study the potential optimization of the use of transport resource without service change, and – Study the potential service enhancement without extra cost Case Study (STCP) – Evaluate the potential effect on demand Introduction Methodology Model Operational Cost Service Level Case Study Results Conclusions

4. Interchange in Public Transport Tredbo 9. Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport. Cecília Silva 4/ 10 6 September 2005 Model Without Interchange Network length / Nº of vehicles / Headway Frequency Distance Waiting time at origin Total waiting time Note: the signs represent the variation for each variables with the introduction of interchange for the 3 and 4 nodes model (Scenario 1, N=constant). With Interchange - - - + ++ + 0 ou + - - - + - Network Costumer Introduction Methodology Model Operational Cost Service Level Case Study Results Conclusions

5. Interchange in Public Transport Tredbo 9. Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport. Cecília Silva 5/ 10 6 September 2005 Operational Cost Optimization of the necessary transport resources (maintain service level): – Reduction of the number of necessary vehicles – Potential reduction of route length – Reduction of the number of routes for the same network Introduction Methodology Model Operational Cost Service Level Case Study Results Conclusions

6. Interchange in Public Transport Tredbo 9. Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport. Cecília Silva 6/ 10 6 September 2005 Service Level Potential Improvements: – Higher frequencies (lower headways) – Network enlargement – Enhanced reliability Potential Deteriorations: – Interchange / Uncertainty – Increase of travel distance Introduction Methodology Model Operational Cost Service Level Case Study Results Conclusions

7. Interchange in Public Transport Tredbo 9. Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport. Cecília Silva 7/ 10 6 September 2005 HSJ SRH RCQ CAM LDD SPC > frequency Case Study HSJ SPC SRH RCQ CAM Scheme of the changes with interchange introduction Before Interchange After Interchange Introduction Methodology Model Operational Cost Service Level Case Study Results Conclusions

8. Interchange in Public Transport Tredbo 9. Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport. Cecília Silva 8/ 10 6 September 2005 Estimated effect on demand: – Potential increase Decrease of passengers having to interchange (<< then expected) Increase of other passengers Results Introduction Methodology Model Operational Cost Service Level Case Study Results Conclusions

9. Interchange in Public Transport Tredbo 9. Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport. Cecília Silva 9/ 10 6 September 2005 Conclusions Interchange has the potential of: – Optimizing transport resources – Increasing transport service without extra cost – Increasing Patronage without extra cost Key issue of interchange for PT patronage – For interchange to foster patronage it must introduce sufficient optimization of necessary transport resources granting enough network efficiency gains to compensate inconvenience of interchange without extra cost. Introduction Methodology Model Operational Cost Service Level Case Study Results Conclusions

10. Interchange in Public Transport Tredbo 9. Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport. Cecília Silva 10/ 10 6 September 2005 Thank you for your attention Cecília Silva