1. Chapter 9 Social Accounting Matrices 社会核算矩阵 Section 1 The input-output tables in the system of SNA 第一节 SNA 中的投入产出表 Section 2 Social Accounting Matrices 第二节 社会核算矩阵 SAM Section 3 Applications of the SAM 第三节 社会核算矩阵的应用

2. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 1 The input-output tables in the system of SNA 一、 The uses of input-output tables in the system The input-output tables and in particular the supply and use tables serve two purposes: statistical and analytical. 二、 Input-output tables in SNA In national accounting and economic analysis two kinds of input-output tables (or matrices) are referred to: (a) Supply and use tables; (b) Symmetric input-output tables

3. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 1 The input-output tables in the system of SNA 1 The supply tables Supply of products Trade and transport margins Taxes or Subsidies on products Output of industries (by ISIC categories) Imports Goods and services (by CPC sections) 1 2 … 10 of which Market Own final use Other non–market

4. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 1 The input-output tables in the system of SNA 2 The use tables Use of products Trade and transport margins Taxes or Subsidies on products Intermediate consumption of industries (by ISIC categories) ExportsExports Final consumption expenditure Gross capital formation Goods and services (by CPC sections) The intermediate use quadrant (I) The final use quadrant (II) Total gross value added/GDP 1.Compensation of employees 2.Taxes less subsidies 3.Operating surplus, net 4.Consumption of fixed capital The uses of value added quadrant (III) Labour inputs (hours worked) Gross fixed capital formation Closing stocks of fixed assets

5. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 1 The input-output tables in the system of SNA 3 Input-output symmetric table Use of products Intermediate consumption of industries ( by CPC sections ) Final consumption expenditure Gross capital formation E I X N P. Goods and services (by CPC sections ) The intermediate use quadrant (I) The final use quadrant (II) Total gross value added/GDP 1.Compensation of employees 2.Taxes less subsidies 3.Operating surplus, net 4.Consumption of fixed capital The uses of value added quadrant (III)

6. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 1 The input-output tables in the system of SNA The set of input-output tables in the system 1. table 15.1. Supply of products at basic prices and use of products at purchasers’ pricestable 15.1. 2. table 15.2 Supply and use: trade and transport margins, taxes and subsidies on intermediate and final use of products. table 15.2. 3.table 15.4a. Supply and use: final and intermediate uses at basic prices, market/non-market distinction and ISIC breakdown table 15.4a. 4.table 15.4b. Supply and use: final and intermediate uses at basic prices, ISIC breakdown table 15.4b. 5.table 15.5. Import matrix, basic prices (c.i.f.) table 15.5. 6.table 15.6 Input-output symmetric table, basic prices— product by product table 15.6 7.table 15.7. Input-output symmetric table, basic prices— product by product with imported products separated from domestic products table 15.7.

7. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 1 The input-output tables in the system of SNA 4 Conversion of the supply and use tables into symmetric tables Adding analytical assumptions to basic data The mathematical methods used when transferring outputs and associated inputs hinge on two types of technology assumptions: (a) Industry (producer) technology, assuming that all products produced by an industry are produced with the same input structure; (b) Product (commodity) technology, assuming that a product has the same input structure in whichever industry it is produced.

8. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 1 The input-output tables in the system of SNA 三、 Some considerations 某些建议 The following considerations might be taken into account - starting from supply and use tables - in order to arrive at useful analytical input-output tables: (a) Decompose purchasers' prices of uses into basic price, taxes, subsidies, and trade and transport margins, and separately analyze these components; (b) Distinguish use of imported products from use of products from resident producers; (c) Express rows and columns in the same classification, i.e., direct links (products-to-products or industries-to- industries) rather than indirect (products-to- industries).

9. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 1 The input-output tables in the system of SNA 四、 Input-output strategy The supply and use table is both a framework for basic statistics and the foundation from which the analytical input-output tables are constructed. This sets an ambitious target including the following elements: (a) Supply and use table as working basis, possibly every year and at least from time to time in great detail; (b) Compilation of at least "commodity flows" data (goods and services account by products) annually and fully consistent with national accounts, providing a powerful tool for the calculation and verification of the national accounts; (c) Flexibility for analytical needs, responsiveness to aggregation, more details and rearrangements of flows. If this ideal approach is not possible, mathematical techniques can be used to link benchmark year estimates to partial data for intervening years to generate at least aggregated annual series.

10. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 2 Social Accounting Matrices 一、 A matrix presentation of SNA accounts Goods and services Production Distribution of income Use of income Capital Rest of the world, current and capital Total Goods and services 188313994145404236 Production 3737 Distribution of income 16321488793199 Use of income 16321101643 Capital22223361-3513 Rest of the world, current and capital 44979038616 Total 4236373731991643513616

11. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 1 Social Accounting Matrices 1 Five types of (consolidated) accounts are distinguished: supply and use of goods and services, production, distribution of income, use of income, and capital transactions. table 20.1 table 20.1 2 Break down the distribution of income account into a primary distribution of income account and a secondary distribution of income account. table 20.2.table 20.2. 3 A concise example of showing an account both by institutional sector and by transaction category is presented in the next section of this chapter. table 20.3.

12. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 2 Social Accounting Matrices 二、 Schematic presentation of a social accounting matrix. 1 Table 20.4 exemplifies the design of a SAM which records all transactions distinguished in the System. table 20.4. table 20.4. 2 The supply and use table as a SAM building- block. table 20.5.table 20.5. 3 A detailed value-added submatrix. table 20.6.table 20.6. 4 An example of a SAM including balance sheets. table 20.7.

13. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 3 Applications of the SAM Section 3 Applications of the SAM

14. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 3 Applications of the SAM Section 3 Applications of the SAM

15. Chapter 09 Social Accounting Matrices Section 3 Applications of the SAM Section 3 Applications of the SAM

16. 作业或思考题 1.SNA 的投入产出表？ 2. 供给表的结构和平衡关系？ 3. 使用表的结构和平衡关系？ 4. SNA 建议的投入产出策略？