1. Week 3 (Jan. 6th) The Scientific Approach in Education
Process of Research
Types of Research
Hot Topic Debate

2. Agenda for Today Stages in doing research (45) Types of research (45)
Three stories-lead-in. As a group work out a process of research (Handout)
Jigsaw
Reading: stages in doing research (Ary.et al.2007,in-class handout)
Types of research (45)
Group discussion and preparation on research categories.
Sharing: each group teaches the class
Hot-topic Discussion (30)
Housekeeping (10)
Research interest/area of interest

3. The Scientific Methods: Introduction to Research in Education
Group work tasks (process the three stories):
What does “research” mean to you?
What do we typically do when we “do a piece of research”?
Pick one example and explain how does that example echoes the process of research.
Group presentation:
1. Our understanding/misunderstanding of research
2. What research is (a one sentence summary)
Research is a process of recognition and definition of a problem/discovering essential questions, gathering data, and analyzing it to answer those questions. These steps can be applied informally in the solution of such everyday problems: to find the daughter’s shoes, gain access to playground, or to make a piece of equipment work. Or the most efficient route to take from home to work or school, the best kind of computer to purchase. The more formal application of the scientific method to the solution of problems is what research is all about.

4. What is research
Research is a process of recognition and definition of a problem/discovering essential questions, gathering data, and analyzing it to answer those questions.
These steps can be applied informally in the solution of such everyday problems: to find the daughter’s shoes, gain access to playground, or to make a piece of equipment work. Or the most efficient route to take from home to work or school, the best kind of computer to purchase.
The more formal application of the scientific method to the solution of problems is what research is all about.
Research: using scientific method to solve problems

5. 3 major steps in doing a research study
Preparing a proposal describing the study to be done and its significance (EDU651)
Collecting and analyzing data (EDU652)
Writing a report of the complete study (EDU652)

6. The Process of Research
Jigsaw

7. The process of research: typical stages in research (Ary. etc. 2006)
Selecting a problem
Reviewing the literature on the problem
Designing the research
Collecting the data
Analyzing the data
Interpreting the findings and stating conclusions
Reporting results

8. Research Report
What does the structure of a research report look like?

9. Research Report Introduction Literature review Methodology
Results and discussion

10. Scientific Methods in Educational Research
Application of Scientific methods in Education – Educational Research Methods
Classifications of research methods

11. Types of Educational Research
Brainstorming

12. Types of Scientific Research
Categorized by purpose
Basic Research
Applied Research
Evaluation Research
Research and Development (R&D)
Action Research (Woho!)
Categorized by method
Quantitative
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Causal-comparative research
Experimental research
Single-subject research
Qualitative research
Narrative research
Ethnographic research
Categorized by time
Cross-sectional research
Longitudinal research

13. Group work: types of research
Each group will be experts of one or two research method
Prepare for 10 minutes:
Report (3-5 mins each group)
Use flow charts, drawing, maps …Be creative in your presentation.

14. Quantitative and Qualitative methods
Group 1: Knowing-All
Prepare a debate between quantitative vs qualitative experts
Purpose? Characteristics?
Merits & Demerits
Categories
Group 2 Non-experimental research experts
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Group 3 Experimental research experts
Causal-comparative research
Single-subject research
Experimental research
Group 4 Qualitative experts
Narrative approach
Ethnographic research

15. Summary

16. Quantitative approach
Descriptive research
Systematic observation of environment
Description of people, events, materials
Correlational research
Study to determine characteristic relationships
Causal-comparative research
To determine the cause/reason for existing differences in the behavior or status of groups of individuals.
Experimental research
Systematic manipulation of environment
Study of the effects of the manipulation
Single-subject research
Study the behavior change that an individual or group exhibits as a result of some intervention, or treatment.

17. Qualitative approach Narrative research Ethnographic research
Study how different humans experience the world around them,
Researcher typically focuses on a single person and gathers data by collecting stories about the person’s life,
Ethnographic research
Buzz words
Entire group
Cultural anthropology
“cultures”
Intact culture
Gain access to a site, gatekeeper, insider, outsider
Informed consent
Key informants
Participant observation
Fieldwork, field notes

19. House Keeping Reading for next week Arrange for observation (week 4)
Think about your research question (s)

20. Experimental Example What is experimental research? “Buzz words”
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Treatment/experimental group
Intact/control group
Extraneous variables

21. Correlational Research
An Example
Purpose of research
How to do this?
How to examine/interpret results?
Manipulation/intervention
Naturally occurring phenomena
Cause – effect: causal?