1. Bibliographic Techniques: Autumn 2010 Sue Bird Bodleian Subject Librarian Geography

2. This session SOLO, OLIS & OXLIP+ Databases Searching techniques for journal articles, conference papers, book chapters etc How to cite sources correctly & therefore avoid plagiarism How to use Reference Management Software

3. Subject searching SOLO, OLIS and Oxford e-journals cover Oxford holdings only by title Better to use specialist indexes covering the world’s literature to find articles Access via OxLIP+ Use inter-library loan for items not held in Oxford and not online

9. E-Journals I didn't check for the hard copy - so used to getting online access!

14. Newspapers Electronic newspapers Some are freely available. Alphabetic list on OxLIP+ Best source for the “Text Only” of huge range of newspapers and magazines is Nexis UK. Goes back approximately 10 yrs in most cases and is very current i.e. today’s daily news items

18. Newspapers Legal information, cases etc. Lexis Library WestLaw – both UK & US editions But there are a lot more (if necessary ask the Law Library for help)

23. Bibliographic Techniques Abstracting and Indexing Services (for finding the actual journal articles) Vast range. SCOPUS (includes GEOBASE) OVID SP Cambridge Scientific Abstracts Web of Knowledge

24. Bibliographic Databases Excellent for locating journal articles, book chapters and book reviews (NB. References only,) General or specific subject coverage Different interfaces but similar functionality Not tied to library holdings Frequently will provide a link to full text

25. Databases vs. Search engines Contents are indexed by subject specialists Subject headings Limiting functions e.g. publication types, language Allow you to View Search history Combine searches Mark and sort results Print/save/email/export Save searches Set up alerts Searches done by automated “web crawlers” No thesaurus / subject headings – just free text searching No limiting functions Usually none of these!

26. Search Strategies Boolean logic Truncation Wild cards Synonyms Which language are you using?

27. SCOPUS Includes data from GEOBASE - THE bibliographic database for the Earth, Geographical and Ecological Sciences

45. Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 1 –Important to remember that although each database covers thousands of journal titles no single database is ever comprehensive. –If you are having difficulty finding material on a topic use the keywords you find in any relevant reference and search again.

46. Bibliographic Databases CSA Illumina EIS: Digests of Environmental Impact Statements Environmental Sciences & Pollution Management IBSS: International Bibliography of the Social Sciences Sociological Abstracts CSA Worldwide Political Science Abstracts

52. Bibliographic Databases OVIDSP CAB Abstracts – biogeography EconLit – economic geography Forest Science - biogeography GeoRef – physical geography & geology Zoological Abstracts Archive only (1864-1977)

58. Web of Knowledge WEB of Science: ISI citation indexes Broad Coverage – all subject areas Run when convenient Automatic export to EndNote but now with export to RefWorks (Journal Citation Reports – help choose the most effective title in your area)

70. Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 2 Take time to explore the various databases & platforms available. Some will be more useful to you than others. Scopus OvidSP Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA Illumina) Web of Knowledge http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/services/training/wiser

71. Boolean connectors AND – combines terms to restrict results OR – useful for covering synonyms NOT – excludes unwanted areas of research

72. OR, AND, NOT Environmental policy Climate change E.U. / European union

73. Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 3 Boolean Logical Operators AND, OR, NOT Proximity operators Adj (literally adjacent); Near(same sentence); With(same field) Field descriptors: AU(author); TI(title); AB (abstract); SO(source or reference); DE (general descriptor) etc are likely to be specific to each database and won’t operate in ‘cross searches’ Combining searches: #1 and #2

74. Other tricks: Use symbols for wildcards and truncation ? or $ for a single character globali?ation / globali$ation (is it an ‘s’ or a ‘z’) * for truncation or variant spellings govern* for governance, governmentality, etc use quotation marks for searching for phrases e.g. “resource management”

78. Synonyms & Language Topic = Personal energy use reduction Search: A) personal energy use B) “personal energy use” C) “energy use” OR “energy consumption” AND personal OR private OR household Context : “carbon footprint” OR “carbon neutral” (including food mile* (i.e. miles or mileage)? )

81. Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 4 Consider subject synonyms & British and US spellings. Apply truncation, usually * to find plurals/alternative word endings and ? to replace a single character. Expand search by following hypertext links esp subject headings Use tagging facilities within database to mark articles for printing, emailing, downloading or exporting. Authors names: Check the online help for formats. Use the database index to find different forms of author’s name, otherwise truncate first initial.

83. Bibliographic Searching Three ways to keep up to date: E-mail alert – you can specify a search to be repeated and the results emailed to you at chosen intervals or Zetoc will tell you when the next issue of a journal is available. Saving and rerunning searches – you save a search and run it again in the future. Citation Alert – you will receive an email every time a particular article is cited in another WoK or Scopus indexed article.

84. Avoiding Plagiarism "...You must always indicate to the examiners when you have drawn on the work of others; other people's original ideas and methods should be clearly distinguished from your own, and other people's words, illustrations, diagrams etc. should be clearly indicated regardless of whether they are copied exactly, paraphrased, or adapted......The University reserves the right to use software applications to screen any individual's submitted work for matches either to published sources or to other submitted work. Any such matches respectively might indicate either plagiarism or collusion......Although the use of electronic resources by students in their academic work is encouraged, you should remember that the regulations on plagiarism apply to on-line material and other digital material just as much as to printed material..." Section 9.5 Proctors' and Assessor's MemorandumProctors' and Assessor's Memorandum

85. Good academic practice So by following the citation principles and practices in place in your subject area, you will develop a rigorous approach to academic referencing, and avoid inadvertent plagiarism. https://intranet.ouce.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate/fhs/dissertation/referencing.html

86. Citing your references An article in an online journal which also exists in print should be cited in the same way as print To cite something which only exists electronically, e.g. a web site, follow special rules which include the date viewed A specific quote must include the page reference in the citation. Also any number of style manuals:- The complete guide to referencing and avoiding plagiarism /Colin Neville. 2007 RSL LB 2369 NEV Cite them right : the essential referencing guide / Richard Pears and Graham Shields. 2010 RSL LB 2369 PEA

87. So what can reference management software do? Store references to items in many different formats and material types Search, select and output references in a variety of pre- determined styles, or one of your own making Import references direct from databases like Scopus or Web of Knowledge, or library catalogues like OLIS Search external databases from within the reference management software, and save references retrieved Insert references into a word-processed document and format them in a particular style at the touch of a button Store links to documents – pdf’s, images – or copies of them within database

88. Reference Management Systems RefWorks (web based – access your records anywhere - free to members of university – even after you leave) ProCite, Reference Manager and EndNote (works without web access – but software needs to be installed on own machine – charge of c£80 from OUCS) EndNote on the Web (free to members of university, but has limited feature set – designed to be used alongside desktop version) Zotero is a free plug-in for Firefox browser (only) – limited but growing capability

94. Bibliographic Databases Search :- Community conservation in the Amazon (2010 only) Scopus = 25 articles Ovid = 20 after de-duplication of 33 articles, etc. (8 not found by Scopus) C.S.A = 36 articles (after de-duplication of 39) (adds another 20 to the total) Web of Science = 29 articles (a further 13 unique items) Biosis Previews = 17 articles (gives another 5) RefWorks de-duplication = 71

95. Further assistance: This presentation available on-line http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/science/training/biosciences More courses available: http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/itlp/ Other presentations: http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/services/training/wiser Guidance for references: https://intranet.ouce.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate/fhs/dissertation/ referencing.html Sue.bird@bodleian.ox.ac.uk