1. Time Thank Goodness That’s Over

2. Review A-properties are temporary temporal properties like being past. B-properties are permanent temporal relations like earlier than. A-Facts are facts about the instantiation of A- properties, like the fact that my birthday is past. B-Facts are facts about the instantiation of B- properties, like the fact that my birthday is earlier than my son’s birthday.

3. Review The Tenseless View of Semantics: (i) The verbal tenses of ordinary language (expressions like ‘it is the case that’, ‘it was the case that’, and ‘it will be the case that’) can be eliminated through appropriate use of expressions like ‘simultaneous with’, ‘earlier than’, and ‘later than’. (ii) Propositions have truth values simpliciter rather than having truth values at times.

4. Review The Token-Reflexive Theory: An utterance of ‘a is F now’ means that the event of a’s being F is simultaneous with the relevant utterance.

5. The “Thank Goodness That’s Over” Argument 1) When you say “Thank goodness that’s over,” you are saying something sensible about a temporal fact. 2) When you say “Thank goodness that’s over,” you are not saying anything sensible about any B-fact. 3) If (1) and (2), then when you say “Thank goodness that’s over,” you are saying something sensible about an A-fact. 4) If when you say “Thank goodness that’s over,” you are saying something sensible about an A-fact, then there are A-facts. 5) If there are A-facts, then The A Theory true. 6) The A Theory is true.

6. First Reply A-properties are spatial properties like being here. B-properties are spatial relations like being co-present with. A-Facts are facts about the instantiation of A- properties, like the fact that my pants are here. B-Facts are facts about the instantiation of B- properties, like the fact that my pants are co- present with my shirt.

7. The First Reply The Directionless View of Semantics: (i) The directional modifiers of ordinary language (expressions like ‘to the left’, ‘to the right’, and ‘here’) can be eliminated through appropriate use of expressions like ‘to the left of’, ‘to the right of’ and ‘is co-present with’. (ii) Propositions have truth values simpliciter rather than having truth values at places.

8. First Reply The Token-Reflexive Theory: An utterance of ‘a is F now’ means that the event of a’s being F is simultaneous with the relevant utterance. Another Token-Reflexive Theory: An utterance of ‘a is F here’ means that the event of a’s being F is co-present with the relevant utterance.

9. The “Thank Goodness That’s Over There” Argument 1) When you say “Thank goodness that’s over there,” you are saying something sensible about a spatial fact. 2) When you say “Thank goodness that’s over there,” you are not saying anything about any B-fact. 3) If (1) and (2), then when you say “Thank goodness that’s over there,” you are saying something sensible about an A-fact. 4) If when you say “Thank goodness that’s over there,” you are saying something sensible about an A-fact, then there are A-facts. 5) If there are A-facts, then The A Theory (of space) is true. 6) The A Theory (of space) is true.