1. Overheads - Adolescence Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.

2. School  Primary focus – school  Social skills  Who achieves?  Parental makeup?  Who drops out? Longitudinal study: Cairns & Cairns (1994) 500 children

3. Identity Development  Erik Erikson – a moratorium between childhood and adulthood  James Marcia Crisis Commitment Four different statuses  Identity Achievement  Moratorium  Foreclosure  Identity Diffusion

4. Identity  Research on Identity development  Cross-sectional studies

5. Self-Esteem  What are the overall trends? 8 years old 11 years old 19 years old Edward Seidman et. al. (1994)  600 Latino, Black, and White youngsters  6 th grade through Junior High school

6. Relationships  In adolescence  Rise in conflict with parents  Laurence Steinberg – 5-10% families have substantial pervasive deterioration in the quality of the parent-child relationship  Girls versus boys  Why?  Why might it be a good thing?

7. Relationships  Mary Levitt et. al. (1993)

8. Sexual Behavior in Adolescence  1999 National survey of high school students in the United States  Sexual experience varies across racial and ethnic groups.  Who has sex earliest?  What is the connection between sex and alcohol?  The fall out of early sex.  Teenage pregnancy

9. Adolescent Depression  Past Historical view of depression  Current Trends Clinical depression Depressive disorder Studies Gender differences Susan Nolen-Hoeksema