1. Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

2. Background: Plate Tectonics

3. Hot Spots of the World

4. Hot Spot Track

5. Pacific Hot Spot Tracks

6. Hawaii: What a load…

7. Lithospheric Flexure Watts and Zhong, 2000

8. Seismicity of Hawaii (1990-2001)

9. Volcanic Earthquakes USGS: Volcanic earthquakes “Tornillos” Swarms (new fractures are forming) Volcanic Tremor – low freq. vibrations (due to moving magma)

10. Magma Plumbing from Microearthquakes Ryan et al., 1981

12. Surface Geology

13. So why am I talking about all of this?

14. My Research: GPR

15. Equipment  We used a Sensors and Software Pulse Ekko 100, which was equipped with 50, 100, and 200 MHz antennae  Targets included:  beach sands  nearshore lava flows  well-developed soil covers  lava tubes  major fault zones

16. GPR Basics: Acquisition  GPR surveys on the Big Island of Hawaii, in conjunction with SES Semester in Hawaii program Reflection Mode Common Mid Point

17. GPR Basics: Penetration Increasing Penetration Increasing Conductivity

18. Why does this matter?

19. The Hilana Fault Issue Cannon and Burgmann, 2001

20. Models of Hilina Fault Geometry Cannon et al., 2001

21. Morgan et al, 2000 Models of Hilina Fault Geometry

22. Tsunami Potential

23. GPS Measured Motion Courtesy J. Kauahekaua

24. Pali Uli

25. Groundwater

26. 3D Lava Stratigraphy

27. Lava Tubes Known lava tubes GPR surveys above known lava tubes

28. Sampling lava flows

29. I cant complain!

30. In conclusion....