1. Animal Body Plans

2. 1 st dinosaur end of dinosaurs 1 st reptiles 1 st amphibians 1 st land plants 1 st fish 1 st invertebrates Millions of Years Geologic Time Scale

3. Ediacaran Fauna: distinctive group of fossils dating from and existing only during Precambrian time The fauna arose about 600 mya. Named for Australia's Ediacara hills, where it was first discovered. Such fossils were later found to be widespread. These animals lived in shallow seas and had soft bodies that bear little resemblance to later life forms, and were about 1 m in length. May be an evolutionary dead end

4. Reconstruction of the sea floor during the Vendian times when the Ediacaran organisms thrived

5. Ediacaran Fauna (600-540 MYBP) end of Precambrian era

6. Ediacaran Seas Mostly cnidarians and worms Sea pens

7. Edicarian Fauna

8. Ancient Seas at the During the Cambrian Radiation (540 MYBP) Burgess Shale

10. Ancient Seas at the During the Cambrian Radiation (540 MYBP) Drawings based on fossils collected from Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Canada

11. Burgess Shale Fauna (540 MYBP) An explosion of body plans Hallucigena Feeding tentacles spines Similar to a sea urchin

12. Pikaia- earliest known chordate Burgess Shale Fauna (540 MYBP)

13. Burgess Shale Fauna (540-530 MYBP Anomalocaris Opabinia Wiwaxia

14. Living Invertebrates

15. Phylogentic Relationships of Animals Ancestral Protist segmentation true tissue radial symmetry bilateral symmetry Deuterostomes: eucoelom Protostome: schizocoelem pseudo coelom Porifera Cnideria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Echinodermata Chordata Arthropoda no true tissues acoelom

16. Early Embryonic Development of an Animal

17. Major Stages of Animal Development gametogenesis fertilization cleavage blastula gastrulation differentiation and morphogenesis gametogenesis fertilization cleavage blastula gastrulation differentiation and morphogenesis

18. Hypothetical Scheme for the Origin of Multicellularity in Animals

19. Protostome vs Deuterostome Protostome- blastopore becomes mouth Deuterostome- blastopore becomes anus Blastula Blastopore

20. What is a Phylum?

21. Some Examples of Animal Phyla Phylum Cnidaria –sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, man-of-wars & hydroids Phylum Mollusca –snails, slugs, chitons, clams, oysters, octopods & squids Phylum Arthropoda –spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects & centipedes Phylum Echinodermata –sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers & sea lilies Phylum Chordata –sea squirts, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds & mammals Phylum Cnidaria –sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, man-of-wars & hydroids Phylum Mollusca –snails, slugs, chitons, clams, oysters, octopods & squids Phylum Arthropoda –spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects & centipedes Phylum Echinodermata –sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers & sea lilies Phylum Chordata –sea squirts, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds & mammals

22. Phylum Chordata

23. Major Body Plan Characteristics of Animals Symmetry Primary Germ Layers Gut Organization Body Cavity Segmentation Skeletal Systems Circulatory Systems Appendages Coloniality Symmetry Primary Germ Layers Gut Organization Body Cavity Segmentation Skeletal Systems Circulatory Systems Appendages Coloniality

24. Symmetry Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry

25. Symmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry

26. Radial Symmetry Jellyfish Phylum Cnidaria

27. Pentamerous Radial Symmetry Sea Stars Phylum Echinodermata

28. Bilateral Symmetry Slug Phylum Mollusca

29. Bilateral Symmetry Squid Phylum Mollusca

30. Primary Germ Layers None Diploblastic Triploblast None Diploblastic Triploblast

31. Fates of the Primary Germ Layers Ectoderm –hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves Mesoderm –notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle Endoderm –internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas Ectoderm –hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves Mesoderm –notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle Endoderm –internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas

32. The Formation of Primary Germ Layers

34. Germ Layer Patterns Diploblastic

35. Diploblastic- two germ layers Phylum Cnidaria

36. Germ Layer Patterns Triploblastic- 3 germ layers acoelomate

37. Gut Organization No Gut Blind Sac Gut Complete Gut No Gut Blind Sac Gut Complete Gut

38. No Gut Sponges Phylum Porifera

39. No Gut Sponges Phylum Porifera

40. Blind Sac Gut Phylum Cnidaria

41. Complete Gut

42. Body Cavities Acoelomate Eucoelomate Pseudocoelomate Acoelomate Eucoelomate Pseudocoelomate

43. Body Cavities Acoelomate- lacks cavity between gut and outer body wall

44. Body Cavities Eucoelomate- body cavity completely lined with mesoderm

45. Body Cavities Pseudocoelomate- body cavity partially lined with mesoderm

46. Advantages of a Fluid-Filled Body Cavity hydrostatic skeleton greater freedom for internal organs greater body size because of body fluid circulation hydrostatic skeleton greater freedom for internal organs greater body size because of body fluid circulation

47. Segmentation

48. Centipede Phylum Arthropoda

49. Segmentation Lobster Phylum Arthropoda

50. Skeleton

51. Functions of the Skeleton supports basic body form protection of soft internal tissues and organs facilitates locomotion supports basic body form protection of soft internal tissues and organs facilitates locomotion

52. Skeleton Hydrostatic Skeletons Hard Skeletons –Exoskeletons –Endoskeletons Hydrostatic Skeletons Hard Skeletons –Exoskeletons –Endoskeletons

53. Hydrostatic Skeleton Sea Anemone Phylum Cnidaria

54. Hydrostatic Skeleton: A non compressible fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment. Uses antagonistic muscles for movement. The gastrovascular cavity of the jellyfish acts as hydrostatic skeleton against which contractile cells can work.

55. Hydrostatic Skeleton Earthworm Phylum Annelida

56. Exoskeleton Chiton Phylum Mollusca

57. Exoskeleton Stony Coral Phylum Cnidaria

58. Endoskeletons Vertebrates Phylum Chordata Vertebrates Phylum Chordata

59. Types of Appendages

60. Functions of Appendages locomotion feeding sensory protection locomotion feeding sensory protection

61. Tentacles Sea Anemone Phylum Cnidaria

62. Jointed Appendages Bee Appendages Phylum Arthropoda Bee Appendages Phylum Arthropoda

63. Circulatory Systems

64. Functions of Circulatory Systems transport of nutrients and metabolic wastes maintains water and solute balance defense against pathogens transport of nutrients and metabolic wastes maintains water and solute balance defense against pathogens

65. Circulatory System None (simple diffusion) Body Cavity Circulation Closed Circulatory System Open Circulatory System None (simple diffusion) Body Cavity Circulation Closed Circulatory System Open Circulatory System

66. No Circulatory System Comb Jelly Phylum Ctenophora

67. Circulation in a Moon Jellyfish Phylum Cnidaria

68. Closed Versus Open Circulatory Systems

69. Nervous Systems

70. Functions of Nervous systems integration of animal behavior processing and interpretation of sensory information elicits external and internal responses integration of animal behavior processing and interpretation of sensory information elicits external and internal responses

71. Types of Nervous Systems

72. Coloniality

73. Coral Phylum Cnidaria

74. Coloniality Sea Fan Phylum Cnidaria

75. Coloniality Man-of-War Phylum Cnidaria

76. Polymorphism in the Portuguese Man- of-War