1. Solar input

2. Slope and aspect

3. Temperature- big scale variation

4. The Gulf Stream

5. Cold air drainage

6. Global precipitation

7. Why are the deserts there?

8. Rain shadows

9. Wind breaks

10. Salt spray and wind sculpting

11. Soil weathering

12. Farm abandonment

13. Early successional

14. Transition to hardwoods

15. A hardwood forest

16. Niche “niche” = the conditions (abiotic and biotic) in which a species survives “niche” = the conditions (abiotic and biotic) in which a species survives

17. Hemlock forests

18. Dispersal the movement of individuals away from where they were “born” the movement of individuals away from where they were “born”

19. Limited dispersal leads to aggregation

20. Disturbance any relatively discrete event in time that removes organisms or otherwise affects an ecosystem any relatively discrete event in time that removes organisms or otherwise affects an ecosystem

21. Fire regimes

22. Windthrow damage

23. Invasive species

24. Landscape mosaic or “palimpsest”