1. Light Pollution Measured by the DSS-7 (Deep Space Spectrograph) Rose Haber http://farm1.static.flickr.com/61/212916043_7895484234.jpg Chicago, Illinois at night

2. Need Glare Light Trespass Harms wildlife Wastes government money -Cinzano, 2009 Vancouver http://farm1.static.flickr.com/101/285102672_4203221326.jpg

3. http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/nightlights/blackout081403-20hrsbefore-text.jpg

4. Light Pollution Misdirected or misused light Inappropriate application of exterior lighting products Light causing a glow over urban/suburban areas http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1293/554194288_965f5494cb.jpg

5. SpectroscopySpectroscopySpectroscopySpectroscopy Spectrograph- takes light from a source and separates it by wavelength http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html

6. Stellar Spectroscopy http://cass.ucsd.edu/public/tutorial/Stars.html

7. Spectrograph Fundamentals http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

8. The DSS-7 http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7.htm Absorption lines for different chemicals http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

9. CCD Imaging ST-7XME CCD Camera http://www.sbig. com/sbwhtmls/online.htm http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

10. Maxim DL Photo-Processing image stacking software

11. Spectrum of the night sky at Mound Ekar Observatory Natural sky lines/ artificial lighting http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000MmSAI..71..235R Literature Review Proposal of a Spectroscopic Map of Astronomical Sites Rosoni, 1997

12. Literature Review Continued http://geoinformatics.sut.ac.th/sut/student/GISpresent/2006-1/light.pdf Modeling of Light Pollution in Suburban Areas Using Remotely Sensed Imagery and GIS Chalkias et. al, 2006

13. Literature Review Continued Coupling MOAO with Integral Field Spectroscopy: specifications for the VLT and the E-ELT Puech et al., 2002 http://arxiv.org/pdf/0808.1196v1 http://www.cfai.dur.ac.uk/new/spectroscopy/ifu_tech_s.jpg

14. Literature Review Continued Visual measurements and spectral survey of night sky brightness in Venezuela and Italy F. Della Prugna, 1999 http://aas.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:1999426

15. Purpose http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg To examine the difference between the pollution of light in Manhasset, NY as opposed to the lack of pollution in Montauk, NY.

16. Hypothesis Null Hypothesis: no difference between the light pollution in both areas Alternate Hypothesis: light pollution will be greater in Manhasset than in Montauk http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

17. Methodology Light Pollution Measured by the DSS-7 Control: sky measured by DSS-7 in Montauk, NY Variable: sky measured DSS-7 in Manhasset, NY Procedure Spectrograph attached to the CCD imager, many images taken to examine types of light pollutants, images processed and stacked using Maxim DL software Measurement Measured once a week in Montauk and imaged, measured once a week in Manhasset and imaged over 7 months Analysis Graph/map of data collected Amounts vs. types of light pollution analyzed http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

18. Study done in accessible places –Manhasset, NY –Montauk, NY/ Upstate, NY CCD imager/DSS-7 easily portable Software downloaded for free off SBIG website/astronomy coolwiki Do-Ability http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

19. Budget

20. Chalkias, C., M. Petrakis, B. Psiloglou, and M. Lianou. "Modelling of light pollution in suburban areas using remotely sensed imagery and GIS." Journal of Environmental Management 76 (2004)): 57-63. Elesiver. Department of Geography, Harokopio University, 19 Sept. 2005. Web. http://geoinformatics.sut.ac.th/sut/student/GISpresent/2006-1/light.pdfhttp://geoinformatics.sut.ac.th/sut/student/GISpresent/2006-1/light.pdf Cinzano. "Light Pollution Information by Starry Night Lights." Night Sky Friendly Outdoor Lighting. N.p., 2009. Web. http://www.starrynightlights.com/lpIndex.html http://www.starrynightlights.com/lpIndex.html Cole, Gary M. "A Pellicle Autoguider for the DSS-7 Spectrograph." Pellicle Autoguider (2006): 153-56. Pellicle Autoguider. Starphysics Observatory, 2007. Web. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph- iarticle_query?2007SASS...26..153C&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdfhttp://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph- iarticle_query?2007SASS...26..153C&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf Holmes, Alan. "DSS-7 Deep Space Spectrograph." SBIG Santa Barbara Instrument Group. N.p., 20 Mar. 2002. Web. http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7.htm http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7.htm Kaler, James. "Obtaining Astronomical Spectra- Spectrographs." Australia Telescope Outreach and Education. CSIRO Australia, 23 June 2004. Web. http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/spectrographs.htmlhttp://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/spectrographs.html Kulesa, Craig. "What is Spectroscopy?" What is Spectroscopy? N.p., 4 Feb. 1997. Web. http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html La Pointe, Robert. "Measuring the Hubble Constant Using SBIG's DSS-7." NASA Astrophysics Data System (2008): 137-40. Society for Astronomical Sciences Inc., 2008. Web. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph- iarticle_query?2008SASS...27..137L&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdfhttp://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph- iarticle_query?2008SASS...27..137L&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf Licker, Mark D. “Dictionary of Astronomy” page 101; 2003 Plavec, Mirek J.; “Stellar Evolution” McGraw-Hill,1997, pp 392-401. Prugna, F. Della. "Visual measurements and spectral survey of night sky brightness in Venezuela and Italy." The European Southern Observatory (n.d.): n. pag. Astronomy and Astrophysics. Centro de Investigaciones de Astronom � CIDA, 9 Sept. 1999. Web. http://aas.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:1999426 http://aas.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:1999426 Puech, Michael, H. Flores, Michael Lehnert, B. Neichel, T. Fusco, P. Rosati, J.-G. Cuby, and Gary Rousset. "Coupling MOAO with Integral Field Spectroscopy: specifications for the VLT and the E-ELT." Observatoire de Paris (n.d.): n. pag. LESIA. Laboratoire d 但 strophysique de Marseille, 8 Aug. 2008. Web. http://arxiv.org/pdf/0808.1196v1http://arxiv.org/pdf/0808.1196v1 Reviglio, Pietro M., and David J. Helfand. "Active Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey I: The Spectroscopically Unremarkable Population of the Local Universe." (2008): n. pag. Astronomy Department. Astronomy Department, Columbia University, 2008. Web. http://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.1766v1 http://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.1766v1 Richmond, Michael. "Spectrographs and Spectra." Spectrographs and Spectra. N.p., n.d. Web. http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys301/lectures/spectra/spectra.html http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys301/lectures/spectra/spectra.html Rosoni, Stefano. "Proposal of a spectroscopic map of astronomical sites." Memorie della Societa Astronomia Italianap.235 71 (1997): 235- 38. Circolo Astronomico Dorico. Paolo Andrenelli, 1997. Web. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000MmSAI..71..235Rhttp://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000MmSAI..71..235R Smith, Gene. "Stellar Spectra." Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences, UCSD. N.p., 16 Apr. 1999. Web.. Works Cited http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg