1. Public Speaking Organization and Support

2. Introduction and Overview  Structuring the speech  Outlining  Organizing  Supporting material  Visual aids

3. Structuring the Speech  Working outline  Formal outline  Speaking notes

4. Principles of Outlining  Format I. Main point (Roman numeral) A.Subpoint (capital letter) 1. Sub-subpoint (standard number) a. Sub-subsubpoint (lowercase letter)  Divide main points and subpoints  Never a “I” without a “II”, ect.  Parallel wording  Main points should be worded in a similar manner

5. Organizing your points in logical order  Time  Climax patterns: used to create suspense  Space: according to area  Topic: types or categories  Problem-solution  Present the problem, then the solution  Cause-effect

6. Using Transitions  Keep the message moving forward  Emphasis on flow  Similar to writing patterns

7. Beginning and Ending the Speech  The introduction  Capture attention  Preview main points  Set the mood and tone  Sell your topic

8. Beginning and Ending the Speech, cont,  The conclusion  Review speech  Don’t end abruptly  Don’t ramble  Don’t introduce new points  Don’t apologize

9. Supporting Material  Functions  To clarify  To make interesting  To make memorable  To prove

10. Supporting Material, cont.  Types of supporting material  Definitions  Examples  Statistics  Analogies/ Comparison-contrast  Anecdotes  Quotation/ Testimony

11. Narration vs. Citation  Narration: telling a story  Citation: a statement of facts

12. Visual Aids  Graphic devises used in a speech to illustrate important ideas  Types of visual aids  Rules for visual aids use  Simplicity  Size  Attractiveness  Appropriateness  Reliability