1. Batteries Kim Ianelli

2. Some background on batteries All Lead-Acid batteries supply about 2.14 volts per cell (12.6 to 12.8 for a 12 volt battery) when fully charged. Batteries that are stored for long periods will eventually lose all their charge. This "leakage" or self discharge varies considerably with battery type, age, & temperature. It can range from about 1% to 15% per month. Generally, new AGM batteries have the lowest, and old industrial (Lead-Antimony plates) are the highest. In systems that are continually connected to some type charging source, whether it is solar, wind, or an AC powered charger this is seldom a problem. However, one of the biggest killers of batteries is sitting stored in a partly discharged state for a few months. A "float" charge should be maintained on the batteries even if they are not used (or, especially if they are not used). Even most "dry charged" batteries (those sold without electrolyte so they can be shipped more easily, with acid added later) will deteriorate over time. Max storage life on those is about 2-3 years.

3. Central Vermont Solar and Wind Business type: Wind and Solar power systems, sales and installation, retail sales of Renewable Energy Equipment Product types: lead acid batteries, DC to AC power inverters, energy efficient refrigerators and freezers, solar electric power systems, energy efficient lighting. Service types: installation, maintenance and repair Address: 213 N. Main (US RT 7), Rutland, Vermont USA 05701 Telephone: 802-747-0577 FAX: 802-773-0924

4. National Solar Supply www.nationalsolarsupply.com Great links and battery options

5. Surrette Rolls Dual Container Construction More Power - Less Weight Environmentally Friendly No Acid Leakage Each cell is assembled in its own inner container made of high temperature, durable polypropylene with the inner cover heat bonded to the container, thus acid leakage is eliminated. The cells are then assembled into a high density tough polyethylene outer container with a removable lid. Even if the outer container were to break the battery would still be operable without the harmful affects of sulfuric acid spills.

6. Surrette 12-CS-11PS Price $624.55 12-HHG-8D Price $370.11 24-HT-80 Price $80.75 27-HT-90 Price $92.54 4-CS-17PS Price $318.55 4-KS-21PS Price $643.11 4-KS-25PS Price $802.14 6-CS-17PS Price $477.83 Price $597.74 6-CS-25PS Price $717.63 6-EHG-31PS Price $341.71 6-HHG-31PS Price $286.73 8-CS-17PS Price $637.11 8-CS-25PS Price $956.84 8-EHG-31PS Price $455.63 8-HHG-31PS Price $382.30 EIGH-225 Price $131.22 EIGH-262 EIGH-262 Price $151.41 HT-8D Price $316.29

7. Surrette Canada 6CS-17PS Battery List Price $529.00 Your Price $472.00, 6 for $2,719.00Surrette Canada 6CS-17PS Battery Surrette Canada 6CS-21PS Battery List Price $659.00 Your Price $594.00, 6 for $3,421.00Surrette Canada 6CS-21PS Battery Surrette Canada 6CS-25PS Battery List Price $895.00 Your Price $833.00, 6 for $4,750.00Surrette Canada 6CS-25PS Battery

8. Trojan Batteries INSIDE TROJAN BATTERY Where to buy: Northeast Battery 240 Washington Street Auburn, MA Zip/Postal Code: 01501-3225 Telephone: (508) 832-2700, (800) 441-8824 Fax: (508) 832-2706 Contact: sales@northeastbattery.com WebSite: http://www.northeastbattery.comhttp://www.northeastbattery.com

11. Some general (minimum - maximum) typical expectations for batteries if used in deep cycle (solar) service: Starting: 3-18 months Marine: 1-6 years (note - "Marine" does not really mean anything official) Golf cart: 2-7 years AGM deep cycle: 4-7 years Gelled deep cycle: 2-5 years Deep cycle (L-16 type etc): 4-8 years Rolls-Surrette premium deep cycle: 7-12 years Industrial deep cycle (Crown and Rolls 4KS series): 10-20+ years Telephone (float): 1-20 years. These are usually special purpose "float service", but often appear on the surplus market as "deep cycle". They can vary considerably, depending on age, usage, care, and type. Most are not true deep cycle. NiFe (alkaline): 3-25 years NiCad (pocket plate): 2-20 years

12. Manufacturers of Batteries Concorde: Sold under Sun Xtender, Lifeline, Chairman. Basically all the same except for minor differences such as terminal types. Also makes a wide variety of specialized aircraft (RG) and military types. Exide: Many private labels. Also owns GNB. Rolls-Surrette: Primarily manufactured in Canada, US manufactured batteries are sold under the Rolls name. Primarily deep cycle batteries for solar, railroad, motive power, and marine. Johnson Controls: Primarily makes automotive batteries under various names. Johnson Controls sold their Dynasty battery division a while back to C&D. Owns Optima Battery Corporation. Trojan: Sells a wide variety of deep cycle and automotive batteries under their own name, and also sells to many major chains, such as Sears, Walmart, etc. under private label. US Battery: Sells a wide variety of batteries under their own name, and also sells to many major chains, such as Sears, Walmart, etc. under private label. There are many more (hundreds!), for a full list and many other useful battery links see: http://www.uuhome.de/william.darden/ http://www.uuhome.de/william.darden/

13. Good to know info Nearly all batteries will not reach full capacity until cycled 10-30 times. A brand new battery will have a capacity of about 5-10% less than the rated capacity. In situations where multiple batteries are connected in series, parallel or series/parallel, replacement batteries should be the same size, type and manufacturer (if possible). Age and usage level should be the same as the companion batteries. Do not put a new battery in a pack which is more than 3 months old or has more than 75 cycles. Either replace with all new or use a good used battery. For long life batteries, such as the Surrette and Crown, you can have up to a one year age difference. Lead-Acid batteries do NOT have a memory, and the rumor that they should be fully discharged to avoid this "memory" is totally false and will lead to early battery failure.

14. Myth: The old myth about not storing batteries on concrete floors is just that - a myth. This story has been around for 100 years, and originated back when battery cases were made up of wood and asphalt. The acid would leak from them, and form a slow-discharging circuit through the now acid-soaked and conductive floor.

15. A very useful link http://www.uuhome.de/william. darden/ http://www.uuhome.de/william. darden/