1. Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196

2. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103

3. = all living and extinct monkeys, apes and humans
“Anthropoids”
= all living and extinct monkeys, apes and humans

4. Anthropoids

5. Anthropoids

6. Oligocene
Anthropoids

8. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
2. “Dental apes”
prospered during the Oligocene

9. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Dental apes are “apes” with monkey-like bodies who did not hang or swing

10. “Times to Remember” WebPage

11. Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196

12. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 195
Major site
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 195

13. Oligocene El Fayum: Parapithecus
squirrel monkeys with teeth that associate them more with Old World monkeys

14. Parapithecus

15. Oligocene El Fayum: Parapithecus Propliopithecus
a small gibbon-like ape

16. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 179
Propliopithecus
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 179

17. Oligocene
El Fayum:
Parapithecus
Propliopithecus
Aegyptopithecus

19. Oligocene Anthropoids
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
Oligocene “dental ape”
largest of the Fayum anthropoids
ca. the size of a howler monkey
13 – 20 pounds

20. Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196

21. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 188

22. Aegyptopithecus zeuxis

23. Aegyptopithecus zeuxis

24. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 180
Aegyptopithecus
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 180

25. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 180
Aegyptopithecus
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 180

26. Aegyptopithecus zeuxis

27. Aegyptopithecus

28. Oligocene Anthropoids
Aegyptopithecus
is important because it bridges the gap between the Eocene fossils and the Miocene hominoids

29. Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196

30. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
3. True apes that brachiated probably
originated in the Early Miocene
ca. 20 – 17 mya

31. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
“Only after the evolution of arboreal suspension would the modern meaning of the term ape have been applicable.”
Campbell-Loy, p. 195

32. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
All living apes
show forelimb-dominated locomotion
(They climb, swing, or hang about by their arms -- “brachiation”)

33. Next: Miocene Hominoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196