1. Using graphs to present data Constructing graphs and interpreting data

2. Types of graphs commonly used in social work Bar charts Pie charts Histograms Line charts Charts for single system designs

3. You must use graphs that are appropriate to the level of measurement associated with the variable you are measuring Type of ChartLevel of Measurement Bar Chart Nominal; must be organized into categories Pie Chart Nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio. However, it is not practical to use a pie chart when there are more than five or six possible values for a variable. Histogram Ordinal, interval, or ratio level data. Most often used with ratio or interval level data Line Chart/Frequency Polygram Interval and ratio data Single System Design Interval and ratio data

4. Bar Chart: Number of children with income under the poverty line

5. Pie Chart

6. Percents for Pie Chart African American American Indian AsianCaucasianLatinoOtherTotal 52102025870 7.14%2.86%14.29%28.57%35.71%11.43%100.00%

7. Histogram: Sales Figures by Region Graph

8. Line Chart

9. Techniques for Making Comparisons: Histogram

10. Techniques for Making Comparisons: Line Chart

11. Single System Designs Used by practitioners to measure whether intervention is effective. Not a formal evaluation of worker performance. Comparisons are made by comparing baseline measures to intervention phase. Measures used are usually ratio: standardized scores or counting behaviors. Behavioral counts are usually self-reports Sometimes comparisons are made across clients, types of interventions, or types of behaviors

12. Single –system Design Graph – Intervention starts at Week 5