1. Picturing Reading as a Process Laurence Musgrove Associate Professor of English Department of English and Foreign Languages Saint Xavier University, Chicago

2. Picturing Reading as a Process Purpose To reflect on the ways we picture reading literature for ourselves and our students, and how we might provide students a more productive and responsible way to envision reading and responding to literature as a process.

3. Identifying Problems List the most common problems your students have in reading and responding to literature

4. Identifying Problems Reading comprehension. Student resistance to reading and responding to literature. Blaming texts for reading difficulties. First impressions or undeveloped responses. Looking for the one right answer. Confused about the best way to respond. Waiting to someone else to decide what a text means.

5. Picturing Reading for Yourself Draw a picture of what happens when you read literature

6. Picturing Reading for Yourself Explain in writing how that picture depicts what happens when you read literature

7. Picturing Reading for Your Students Draw a picture of how you would depict reading literature for your students

8. Picturing Reading for Your Students Explain in writing how that picture depicts reading literature for your students

9. How Students Might Picture Reading How would you imagine students picture what happens when they read literature?

10. How Students Might Picture Reading Samples of Student Drawings and Explanations

11. With the exception of the newspaper, this drawing accurately represents my attitude and habits of reading. I have whatever assignment out and ready to be read. But, I’ll find any excuse not to read. My picture shows me asleep on my bed at 2:30am with the TV only showing fuzz and the book I was supposed to read sitting on top of it. I generally don’t read, but pay extra attention in class, when I feel the assigned reading will be unenjoyable.

12. I love reading and enjoy the places that books can take me. I feel free and feel that I can become anything or anyone.

13. My drawing represents my brain, and knowledge expanding. Reading helps by showing how things are supposed to sound and be written, also it gives you a good perspective on difference issues, no matter [what] they are. Reading helps the brain and you become more social, smarter, and objective.

14. No matter what the reading material is, I like to place myself within the book. I try to feel what the characters are feeling. My drawing depicts how I place myself in the book, by diving in. The book must be something of interest in order for me to engage in it fully.

15. A Proposal: Graphic Support Picturing reading as a process can offer students a better approach, because they will be reminded visually of four things: 1.What they contribute to the act of reading 2.What the world of the text has to offer 3.What types of response are possible 4.What they can do to make sure they have responded as thoughtfully as possible

16. Picturing Reading as a Process RESPONSE READERTEXT REVIEW

17. Picturing Reading as a Process READER

18. The Reader Attitudes Knowledge Experience

19. Reader Attitudes toward the World + Hope - Despair CourageFear HonestyDishonesty HumilityArrogance Open- mindedness Narrow- mindedness PersistenceProcrastination

20. Reader Knowledge of the World

21. Reader Experience in the World Influence of Cultural Perspectives Gender Race Religion Nationality Age Politics Economic class Relationships

22. The Reader Attitudes Knowledge Experience My Papa’s Waltz

23. Picturing Reading as a Process TEXT

24. What the World of the Text Offers Form Reader Topic Author

25. Focusing on the Author What can we learn about the author’s life? What is the author’s purpose? What relationship exists between the world of author and the events in text? How is the author’s life and art shaped by history? How is the author’s life and art shaped by specific cultural influences? Are there other authors who have influenced this author?

26. Focusing on the Topic What topics does the author address? Has the author written other texts about these topics? Why has the author chosen these topics? What other authors have addressed the same topics? Which of these topics are most interesting to us?

27. Focusing on the Form How has the author used narrative or poetic form? How has the author used form to fulfill his or her intentions? Has the author used this form in other texts? What other authors have used this same form? Who is the narrator and why has the author chosen this perspective?

28. Focusing on the Reader Who might be the intended reader? How are we different from the intended reader? To what degree can we identify with or become the intended reader? How might readers respond differently? How has the author attempted to meet or thwart what readers generally expect from this kind of text?

29. What the World of the Text Offers Form Reader Topic Author The Eclipse

30. Picturing Reading as a Process RESPONSE

31. What Kinds of Responses are Possible Personal Biographical Formal Reader Topical Interpretive Creative Ethical

32. Personal Response When we focus on how the literary experiences remind us of people we know or experiences we’ve had, we respond in a personal way.

33. Biographical Response When we focus on the life of the author, we respond biographically to literature.

34. Formal Response When we focus on how the literary experiences are crafted, shaped, and presented, we respond formally.

35. Reader Response When we imagine the reader the author might have been writing the story, poem, or drama for, we create a reader response. When we imagine how readers might respond differently to the same text, we are also involved in reader response criticism.

36. Topical Response When we focus on the topics or subject matter in literature, we respond topically.

37. Interpretive Response When we imagine what the author intended us to believe or feel about the topics in the text, we generate interpretive responses.

38. Creative Response When we imagine ourselves as authors and use another author’s language, style, or forms to create our own story, poem, or play, we are responding creatively to literature.

39. Ethical Response When we imagine the value of the literary work to potential readers, we respond ethically to literature.

40. What Kinds of Responses are Possible Personal Biographical Formal Reader Topical Interpretive Creative Ethical Art

41. Picturing Reading as a Process REVIEW

42. How Readers Review their Responses Checking Other Resources Checking with Ourselves Checking with the Text Checking with Others

43. Checking Other Resources What information in resources such as dictionaries, the internet, and critical texts can help us develop a fuller understanding and response?

44. Checking with Ourselves How have our attitudes, knowledge, and experiences played a role in shaping our response?

45. Checking with the Text What evidence in the text supports or conflicts with our response?

46. Checking with Others How do other readers agree, disagree, modify, or enlarge our response to the text?

47. How Readers Review their Responses Checking Other Resources Checking with Ourselves Checking with the Text Checking with Others My Papa’s Waltz

48. Picturing Reading as a Process RESPONSE READERTEXT REVIEW

49. The Results Changing Attitudes Changing Knowledge Changing Experience

50. The Character of the Reader YOU ARE UNABLE TO READ UP TO A STANDARD GREATER THAN THE STANDARD OF YOURSELF. YOU MAY FEEL A GOOD DEAL OF GUSTO ABOUT A GREAT POEM, BUT THAT’S BECAUSE YOU’RE WORTHY OF IT. YOU JUST CANNOT FEEL THAT GUSTO IF YOU’RE NOT WORTHY. SO, IF YOU REALLY DO FEEL THAT A CERTAIN POEM IS THAT GOOD, YOU ARE JUST ABOUT THERE YOURSELF. I MEAN, YOU’RE THAT KIND OF PERSON. “FINDING WHAT THE WORLD IS TRYING TO BE,’ WILLIAM STAFFORD

51. Teaching Strategies 1.Collect student pictures of reading to evaluate attitudes toward and conceptions of reading literature 2.Explore various analogies for reading 3.Discuss readers’ responsibilities when reading and responding to literature 4.Demonstrate “Picturing Reading as a Process” Model